Alternative agroforestry for improving the semi-arid climate of Salamanca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v17i2.4249Keywords:
agroforestry, agrarian diagnosis, agriculture in GuanajuatoAbstract
The research was conducted during 2022 and 2023 in the northern region of the municipality of Salamanca, Guanajuato, in the localities (Los Hernández, Los Razos de Ancón, Los Cenizos and La Compañía) corresponding to the semi-arid zone, where production systems are highly vulnerable to accidents, mainly due to water scarcity. In order to know their complexity and propose alternatives for improvement, a diagnosis of the production systems was carried out. The methodology used was the agrarian diagnosis, and the tools employed to obtain the information were semi-structured interviews, geographic information systems, and the 2020 Population and Housing Census. The results showed three principal agroecosystems: irrigated agriculture (agricultural), rainfed agriculture (agrosilvopastoral), and rangeland (silvopastoral), as well as 10 cultivation or rearing systems. In order to understand their complexity and propose alternatives for improvement, a typology of production units was developed, identifying three categories that were very similar to one another yet distinct. To determine economic indicators, the methodology generated by Dufumier (1996) and Apollin and Eberhart (1999) was used, which aims to understand the functioning of production systems and their prospects of evolution. It was concluded that the stability and permanence of production units depend on the ways of using available resources, whereas their differentiation is a function of the availability of water, the degree of intensification of labor, the available surface area, and the use of technology.
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