Moisture levels and densities on bean yield
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v17i3.4081Keywords:
drip irrigation, optimization of water resources, plant populationAbstract
The research evaluated the effect of three soil moisture levels (30%, 70% and 100% of usable moisture) combined with two densities (30 and 40 plants m-2) on the yield of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop, variety Pinto Saltillo, under drip irrigation in Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí. The design used was a 3 × 2 factorial design with three replications, totaling 18 experimental units. The variables analyzed included plant height, stem thickness, leaf dimensions, number of pods, plant dry weight, pod weight and grain yield. The treatment with 30% moisture (90 000 L ha-1 per irrigation) and 30 plants m-2 presented the best performance, reaching 47 cm in height, 15 pods per plant and a yield of 118 g m-2 (1 180 kg ha-1). Treatments with 70% (210 000 L ha-1 per irrigation) and 100% moisture (300 000 L ha-1 per irrigation), together with higher density, showed negative effects due to intraspecific competition. There were no significant differences in yield across moisture levels, even when irrigation volume was doubled or tripled. Significant correlations were identified between height and number of pods (r= 0.716), pod weight and grain yield (r= 0.987) and leaf dimensions (r= 0.887). The results indicated that moderate water stress and adequate density favor bean development and allow efficient water use. The study provided technical evidence to optimize water management and agronomic practices in semi-arid regions.
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