Frailescano: new variety of opaque black bean for Chiapas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i8.1774Keywords:
Phaseolus vulgaris L., adaptability, BGYMV, cultivar, yieldAbstract
In Chiapas, Mexico, bean productivity is affected by the incidence of golden yellow mosaic, the acidity of the soils, and the use of low-yielding landraces that are susceptible to diseases. To help solve this problem in 2013, the Frailescano variety was generated. During 2011 and 2012, the SCN 6 line that gave rise to the Frailescano variety was evaluated in eight environments in Chiapas. The general average yield of the Frailescano variety was 1 150 kg ha-1, similar to that of Negro Papaloapan and significantly higher than that of Negro Comapa. In 2012 its reaction to golden yellow mosaic was evaluated under field conditions. The Frailescano variety showed a 13% incidence, while the Negro Papaloapan and Negro Comapa varieties had an incidence of 40 and 23%, respectively. In that same year, its productive response in acidic soil was evaluated, without and with the application of 1 t ha-1 of agricultural lime. In both soil conditions, the Frailescano variety exceeded the yield of the creole Veracruzano by more than 96% and showed a lower yield reduction, due to acid soil stress. From 2014 to 2016, the Frailescano variety was validated in farmers’ fields, under irrigation and residual humidity; in both cases, it outperformed the creole Vaina Negra. The general average yield of Frailescano was 1 438 kg ha-1, significantly higher (51.1%) than that of the regional creole. In 2013, Frailescano was registered with the National Seed Inspection and Certification Service for commercial use.
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