Doña Aurelia: new cultivar of pine nuts for the tropics of Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i8.1940Keywords:
genetic improvement, Mexican pine nut, new cultivarAbstract
For more than eight years, INIFAP has carried out research work focused on inputs for the production of biofuels, including the mexican pine nut (Jatropha curcas L.). Throughout this time, genetic tests were established in four tropical environments in Mexico based on selected genotypes according to their agronomic and industrial attributes. The main selection criteria addressed were: grain yield, oil content, growth habit (bearing and branching pattern) and the presence of female flowers. The best genotypes of the trials were two varieties with the presence of 100% female flowers and a variety with a predominance of male flowers, but also with the presence of female and hermaphrodite flowers. One of these varieties with 100% female flowers was registered under the name ‘Doña Aurelia’ with a breeder's title number 1541. This variety has proven to be stable in terms of morphological and production characteristics over the years of evaluation and study. This variety can produce an average yield in humid tropics of 0.49 t ha-1 in the first year of the crop, with a potential yield at the first year of 0.98 t ha-1, under dry tropic conditions. It reaches yields of 3 tons of dry grain per hectare at the fourth year of production. The average oil content in the seeds of the variety is 53.4%. The physicochemical characteristics of the oil are: 98.57 gI2/100 iodine index, 00.921 g cm-3 density, 34.894 mm2 s-1 viscosity and 2.974 mg KOH g-1 acid number and with a fatty acid composition of 35.36% fatty acids saturated and 64.64% unsaturated fatty acids, according to the American standard ASTM ‘Doña Aurelia’ is considered of good quality as raw material for the production of biodiesel.
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