Molecular characterization of wild and cultivated Chenopodium berlandieri (Chenopodiaceae) from central Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v16i6.3805Keywords:
Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae, Chenopodium quinua, molecular markers, SSRAbstract
The genus Chenopodium contains two species of importance in the diet of Mesoamerica and South America, namely Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Quinoa) and Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae, the genetic resources of which have not been characterized despite their great nutritional potential and adaptability. In order to molecularly characterize germplasm of red chia, huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), we molecularly studied 48 genotypes from the Germplasm Banks of the National Institute of Nuclear Research and the Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory of Brigham Young University. To determine the genetic variability, 14 microsatellite markers (SSRs), specific for Chenopodium, were used. Genetic affinity was assessed using the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the analysis of results was performed using the UPGMA method. The results indicate that, within the studied genotypes of both species, 175 alleles were produced, ranging from 8 (KGA16, QCA88) to 16 (QCA37, QAAT74, QCA57), these being the ones that obtained the most alleles per locus. The dendrogram showed that, at a coefficient of 0.9, four main groups were formed, where groups 1 and 2 join advanced lines of quinoa and red chia, mutants of red chia and huauzontle, groups 3 and 4 joins chia and huauzontle, and group five includes all the germplasm of the Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory of BYU, mostly made up of subspecies of Chenopodium zsachei, boscianum and zinatum. It was concluded that there is a great genetic affinity between quinoa, huauzontle and red chia, which opens the possibility of inter- and intraspecific crosses for the genetic improvement of both species.
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