Yield, biomass and phenology of the cross between wild and domesticated beans

Abstract

Hybridization makes it possible to improve beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Lines with a broad genetic base are an advantage for obtaining new varieties. P. vulgaris in Mexico, like corn, is one of the staple crops that fulfills various food functions and is subject to constant improvement. The present study aimed to evaluate the progeny or lines obtained from the cross between a wild and a domesticated parent, grown in greenhouses and hydroponics to determine seed yield, biomass production, and their phenology. The study was carried out in 2019 at the Montecillo Campus, College of Postgraduates. The assessment included wild beans (S13), domesticated beans, registered as Negro Tacaná, and five lines (53b, 51b, 118b, 111, and 3.3) product of the cross of S13 with Negro Tacaná. Each parent and each line was considered as a treatment and were distributed in a completely randomized design. Lines 118b and 3.3 produced the highest seed yields, 225.3 g plant^-1on average; the wild parent, the domesticated one, and lines 11.1 and 51b intermediate yields (150.5 g plant^-1), and line 53b the lowest yield 98.6 g plant^-1. The S13 parent had the highest number of seeds per pod and weight of one hundred seeds, whereas this was the opposite in Negro Tacaná. The yield and time to occurrence of the phenological stages was a response to the environment and the management of the crop, which allowed the maximum expression of its genetic potential.