In situ conservation, management and utilization of Toluqueño popcorn with custodian producers

Abstract

“Palomero Toluqueño” maize is a breed endangered in Mexico due to its low use; therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a proposal for its conservation in situ, and develop a plan of agronomic management and comprehensive utilization of this breed of maize in the State of Mexico. In situ conservation was made by custodian producers held at Laguna Seca and Tlazalpan San Marcos, San Bartolo Morelos, State of Mexico, by planting one hectare per farmer during 2009-2011 and 2012-2013 through the milpa agricultural system. The native material is still spreading and keeping by farmers as it suits their conditions and work environment. For complementing the agronomic management, implementation of participatory breeding methods we began to strengthen farmers ́ processes for in situ conservation, including mass selection. Grain for making “tortillas”, “tamales”, “sopes”, “tostadas” and “quesadillas” for which it is mixed with maize Cacahuacintle: full utilization of the crop was made. One strategy practiced by the farmers in the community is planting maize Palomero Toluqueño with Elotes Cónicos race (grain blue and red) to induce crossovers between them and generate a suitable mass for making tortillas, the stubble for food animal, plant parts for production of crafts. Palomero Toluqueño is in danger of extinction due to low productivity and undesirable traits that manifest in the nixtamalization, but can propel other uses such as making popcorn increasing expandability through participatory breeding, taking advantage of a growing adapted to adverse conditions.