Effects of doses of hydrogen cyanamide on sprouting and production of clusters in table grape

Abstract

In warm regions, such as the Sonora Desert areas, grapevine cultivation faces the problem of insuffi cient cold accumulation, a condition that causes vine varieties to grow late and irregularly. To solve this problem growers make use of budding promoters such as hydrogen cyanamide, which is applied immediately after pruning, in late december or early january. In order to determine the eff ect of increasing doses of hydrogen cyanamide on shoot buds and grape clusters production, several experimental tests were carried out during the production cycles of 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013 in vineyards commercial with the cultivar Perlette, irrigated with system pressurized drip type. The treatments evaluated were hydrogen cyanamide concentrations: 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 3.5% (p/v). To measure the eff ect of the treatments, the final bud and number of clusters per plant were recorded. Data collected from the variables considered were statistically analyzed by performing the Anova and separating averages using the Duncan test at 0.05. The results obtained indicate that hydrogen cyanamide at low concentrations stimulated the sprouting of the buds in the plants of vine in years with accumulation of contrasting cold hours, and that in years of low accumulation of the cold hours, the high doses reduced in form significant ( p ≥ 0.05) sprouting of the buds. On the other hand, the number of clusters per plant was reduced with high doses of cyanamide ( p ≥ 0.05) if the accumulation of cold was low; also, it was observed that this variable was closely related to the level of budding of the plants.