Fusarium graminearum chemotype Don in malting barley grain grown in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v16i2.3502Keywords:
Hordeum vulgare, deoxynivalenol, mycotoxinAbstract
Fusarium graminearum species cause Fusarium head blight, an important disease that affects grain yield and health quality in several barley-producing regions. Among the control measures is the use of resistant varieties, so this work aimed to isolate and morphologically and molecularly characterize isolates of F. graminearum from different malting barley-producing regions in Mexico and to identify those isolates with the greatest capacity to produce the Don toxin in vitro to recognize sources of genetic resistance. Thirty-nine isolates with morphological characteristics of F. graminearum were obtained, which were associated with malting barley grain from municipalities of High Valleys, El Bajío, and Tamaulipas. PCR reaction with species-specific primers Fg16N-F/Fg16N-R for F. graminearum confirmed the identity of 38 of the 39 isolates. The product sequences with Fg16N from 21 isolates annealed with the sequence of chromosome 1 of Fusarium graminearum, deposited in the GenBank-NCBI database. The PCR reaction with primers ToxP1/ToxP2 indicated that 17 of the 39 isolates correspond to the chemotype of F. graminearum that produces the Don toxin. Five of 33 isolates, analyzed by the Ridascreen® Fast Don test, registered the highest capacity to produce Don in vitro (3.4 and 17 ppm), so they can be considered to identify sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight in malting barley genetic improvement programs in the country.
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