Estabilidad de Compostas Estáticas Biodinámicas a Partir de Restos de Cultivos Regionales

Abstract

Compost elaboration from agricultural wastes allows an alternative way for organic fertilizers production. Traditionally the constant turning makes this system economically unfeasible, so the static compost production associated with the biodynamic preparations (BP) application promote the sustainable alternatives development. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the inclusion of BP (fundamental basis of biodynamic agriculture) in static pile composting from prickly pear and moringa wastes, as main susbstrates, establishing a completely randomized design with bifactorial arrangement, in Zuazua, Nuevo León. Four treatments were considered: T1, Prickly pear+BP; T2, Moringa+BP; T3, Prickly pear and T4, Moringa. Also, the compost stability was evaluated during one year, through the 16 variables behavior (physical, chemical and biological). Significant interactions showed that the use of prickly pear and BP application in compost piles, promoted in general a higher mineralization, temperature and lower humidity. According to the statistical significance of the principal factors, in treatments with BP was founded the maximum value of bacteria CFU and in treatments with prickly pear, the highest values of organic matter, C:N ratio and hydrogen. The macro- and microelements concentration increased in each treatment at the end of the evaluated period, with exception of N, K and Cu. Moreover, the highest carbon loss percentage (64%) was obtained in T2.  The decomposition of the main regional substrates used in the static piles with passive aeration was promoted by the BP inclusion.