Phosphorus transporter proteins from the PHT1 family and their potential use in modern agriculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i5.1303Keywords:
agriculture, fertilizers, homeostasis, improvement, phosphorus, PHT1Abstract
Agriculture has been globalized by its modern advances aimed at producing more and better food under a model of environmental protection. This practice is carried out in soils with different amounts of available nutrients and is based on the use of external mineral sources to satisfy the demand of the crop. Phosphorus (P) is a macroelement that participates in vital functions of plants such as the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), biomembrane formation and signaling reactions, among others. The plants use physio-morphological strategies in the face of a deficiency of P that manifest themselves in characteristic symptoms such as deficient development, root elongation, early maturation and reduction of crop productivity as a consequence. To maintain cellular homeostasis, plants induce overproduction of membrane proteins with phosphate transporting function in different organs. These proteins belong to the PHT1 family, they present a simport type transport that facilitates the introduction of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the rhizosphere and allows to satisfy the biological demand during the signaling and energy processes. Structurally these proteins are highly conserved in plants (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous) and are characterized by having 12 transmembrane domains, a conserved 2A0109 domain and an approximate size of 520 aa. The objective of this review is to put in perspective the current knowledge of PHT1 phosphate transport proteins, taking as a basis the advances in biological models to improve the productive processes and the techniques of nutritional management in crops.
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