Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas

Quality of seeds of native corn from the Altos de Jalisco region

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The loss in physiological quality increases when the temperature and relative humidity in storage are high. Hypothetically, the physiological quality of the seeds of native corn preserved by producers is low. This work aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of native corn seeds collected in the Altos de Jalisco region, Mexico. In May 2022, 21 samples of native corn were collected in the Altos de Jalisco Region. The tests carried out were weight of 100 seeds, germination, analysis of physical integrity, and grain color. In the weight of 100 seeds, the collections belonging to the Elotes Occidentales breed were the highest. Ten of the 21 collections did not exceed 90% germination. None of the mean variables for physical integrity showed significant differences. There were two accessions with white and yellow grain colorations that differ from what has been reported in the literature.

Assessment of sunflower hybrid yield in southern Sonora

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to North America, originating in the southwestern United States of America and northern Mexico; the seed oil of sunflower varieties is considered of good quality for edible purposes. Likewise, limited water availability is a recurring problem in irrigation districts in southern Sonora, forcing producers to look for low-water crop options for the autumn-winter agricultural cycle; in this sense, sunflower is a crop with a low demand for water. The study aimed to identify sunflower hybrids, which would allow them to be suggested for planting to producers in southern Sonora. The trial was carried out in the 2020-2021 autumn-winter agricultural cycle. Commercial high oleic hybrids were used. The following agronomic characteristics were recorded: start and development of the flower bud, start and end of flowering, physiological maturity, plant height, weight of 100 seeds, hectoliter weight, and grain yield. The sunflower hybrid SYN 3 950 HO had yields of 3 362 and 3 596 kg ha^-1, Cobalt II HO of 2 634 and 3 058 kg ha^-1, and Daytona CL of 2 281 and 2 545 kg ha^-1. The yields obtained from the sunflower hybrids evaluated allow us to suggest them for planting to producers in southern Sonora.

Sensitivity of bean and corn Rhizoctonia species to chemical fungicides

Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the northern region of Sinaloa, the fungus Rhizoctonia spp. causes plants to dry and rot in beans and corn, affecting germination, growth, and roots. This weakens and causes death in plants. Farmers often seek to mitigate the disease by applying chemical fungicides; however, the effectiveness of these treatments is often limited. This is due to inappropriate selection of fungicides, incorrect dosing during application, and pathogens’ potential acquired resistance to these compounds, among other factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Rhizoctonia isolates from beans and corn to four synthetic fungicides (Azoxystrobin, Benomyl, Methyl thiophanate and Tebuconazole). A completely randomized design was performed, using the commercial dose of each fungicide and a control, with three replications per treatment. The conventional fungicide tebuconazole proved to be the most effective against all Rhizoctonia species evaluated, inhibiting growth by 100%. Effectiveness tests on the sensitivity of Rhizoctonia isolates to fungicides allow us to know the variability of behavior and facilitate the monitoring of isolates that present resistance to fungicides in the pathogen population. This is essential for the development of effective control strategies for Rhizoctoniasis.

Technology transfer in the agricultural sector: a bibliometric analysis

Javier Cruz-Loaeza, Ezequiel Arvizu-Barrón, Alejandro Alarcón — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Technology transfer is a process that involves modifying production processes through the conversion, adaptation, or application of innovative ideas, which should generate a benefit for the small producer. This article aims to understand the existing trend of technology transfer in the agricultural sector in the period 2021-2024, through a bibliometric analysis that was divided into two moments: 1) search for information on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms, to later carry it out and 2) construction of the bibliometric map of technology transfer. The findings identified indicate a downward trend in the subject of analysis in 2024 compared to 2023; mixed and quantitative methodologies are the most used to write scientific articles on technology transfer. With the documents analyzed, three thematic groups were identified using the VOSviewer program, where innovation in the agricultural sector accounted for 52% of the analyzed documents and the trend focused on the digitization of the agricultural sector.

Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci to chemical and organic insecticides in the Comarca Lagunera

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Melon crops are affected by Bemisia tabaci, which causes losses of up to 100% of the production; to control this pest, chemical active ingredients that can generate resistance are used. This research aimed to determine the susceptibility of B. tabaci populations through chemical and organic pesticides in melon-producing areas in the Comarca Lagunera. In 2023, four populations of B. tabaci were collected in the localities of Matamoros, Coahuila, Esmeralda, Tlahualilo and Ceballos, Durango. Bioassays were performed using the leaf immersion technique to determine the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀), as well as to obtain the dose-mortality curve and the resistance ratio based on a susceptible line (Njcs). According to the results, the extracts of mustard and garlic and the active ingredients Imidacloprid and Dimethoate obtained the highest LC₅₀, with values of 430.84, 404.19, 449.71 and 1 607 ppm in the Matamoros population. For the active ingredients Lambda-cyhalothrin and Chlorantraniliprole, the Ceballos population presented LC₅₀ values of 234.18 and 165.31 ppm, respectively. In the case of the resistance ratio, the Matamoros population obtained the highest values for mustard and garlic extracts, Imidacloprid, and Dimethoate, with 16.23, 11.85, 11.89, and 6.12 X, respectively. For the active ingredients Lambda-cyhalothrin and Chlorantraniliprole, the Ceballos population reached values of 12.7 and 6.71 X. According to the results, the Matamoros population showed greater resistance to the active ingredients evaluated compared to the susceptible line.

Changes in the edaphic macrofauna in a Cambisol under different management conditions

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Soil is part of the biosphere and the edaphic macrofauna is made up of the organisms that inhabit the surface of the soil. The research aimed to determine the change of the edaphic macrofauna under different management conditions in Cambisol. The experimental work was carried out on the ‘Aeropuerto’ farm in the municipality of Cienfuegos. To sample the macrofauna, the methodology of the International Research Program ‘Biology and Fertility of Tropical Soils’ was used. The management systems evaluated were: a reference soil, under undisturbed forests (> 50 years), a soil conserved under pastures (more than 10 years), and an agrogenic soil with continuous cultivation (planted with sugarcane for more than 60 years). The identified edaphic macrofauna was grouped into three phyla, seven classes and 20 orders. The highest total values of insects (60.08 m²) were obtained in forest management and the lowest values were obtained in pasture and continuous cultivation, which were similar (38.62 and 37.8 m²). Forest management (91.3 individuals) revealed the highest values of the predatory, detritivorous and herbivorous functional groups compared to pasture management (50.6 individuals) and cultivation management (20.75 individuals), with statistical differences. It was concluded that, under the management of continuous cultivation, the total values of insects and the functional groups of the macrofauna are low. This could be a negative indicator of the degradation process that commonly occurs in continuous cultivation. The study provided the possibility of relating the changes in the macrofauna to the management conditions for experimental and productive purposes.

Antagonism of Streptomyces spp. on Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in potatoes

Karen Marilu Cieza-Barboza, Nilda Judith Guevara-Quiroz, Roberto Ventura-Flores — Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bacterial wilt is a disease that affects the crops of potato, Solanum tuberosum, and is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which generates a decrease in productivity and economic losses for farmers. The objective was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Streptomyces spp. against R. solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt in S. tuberosum. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, where seeding by depletion and streaking were used for bacterial isolates of tuber and soil samples. Antagonistic activity was assessed by perpendicular streaks. A total of 28 strains of R. solanacearum and 50 of Streptomyces spp. were isolated, and 22% of them inhibited the growth of the phytopathogenic bacterium. The results of the analysis of variance (Anova) showed a significant inhibitory effect of Streptomyces against R. solanacearum. For its part, Tukey’s test revealed differences between treatments. Therefore, Streptomyces spp. has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents, aspects that should be evaluated in experiments with potato plants.

Residual soil due to extraction for brick and corn productivity

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The extraction of large volumes of soil from agricultural land can have implications for crop production. The objective was to determine the area of agricultural land affected by the extraction of soil for brick manufacturing, the volume extracted, and the effect it has on corn yield in the locality of Santa María Zacatepec, Puebla, in 2022. To do this, plots were georeferenced and the volume extracted and income from sale were calculated; three sites were selected, one undisturbed (Undsoil), another that has undergone soil extraction for more than 12 years (Soildis12), and one that has undergone recent extraction (Soilrecdis) to evaluate the effect on corn yield. All the three sites were planted with the HS-2 corn hybrid to evaluate the response to the factors N, P₂O₅, K₂O and population density integrated into a central composite, rotatable matrix with almost homogeneous information. In the locality, 25.2% of the area has been affected by soil extraction; on average, 33 354.4 m³ ha^-1 is extracted, which generates a net income of 555 918.30 $ ha^-1. Corn yield decreased by 79.1% in the remaining soil, with a loss of 52.20 cents per peso invested. The results show that it is possible to recover soils affected by extraction by applying organic matter.

Correlation of plant, fruit and seed traits of squash accessions in Tlaxcala

Israel Rojas-Martínez, Rogelio Fernández-Sosa, Dora Ma. Sangerman-Jarquín — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) is grown in Tlaxcala, utilizing the plant, flower, fruit, and seed. The diversity of native accessions is due to the interaction with the environment in two regions of the state, which are appropriate to the management of producers. It is important to identify outstanding accessions in fruit and seed in the face of the scarcity of improved materials. The positive and direct correlation of traits evaluated in 50 accessions was shown. They were evaluated in two localities, and the sowing took place on May 12 and 27, 2022. The experimental plot consisted of 12 clumps 1.5 m apart and a distance of 0.8 m between rows. The analysis of variance (Anova) indicated significant differences (p< 0.01) between localities, accessions, and the interaction, which shows genetic variability and response to the environment. Accessions 5, 25, 34, 35, 37, 38, and 39 were productive, with fruit yields between 31.8 and 46.6 t ha^-1 and seed yields between 941 and 1 190 kg ha^-1. There was a significant positive correlation (r= 0.9^**) between fruit and seed yield, both associated with fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, fruit diameter, pulp thickness and peduncle diameter. The results confirm genetic variability in native accessions. The high correlation between fruit and seed yield, as well as their association with key morphological traits, indicates their usefulness in genetic improvement programs to increase productivity and quality. Outstanding accessions may represent an important genetic basis for conservation and use in production systems.

Impact of climate change on corn price, a current analysis

Nelly Azucena Torres-Márquez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Damián — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is a problem that has worsened in recent years, its effects have spread to all economic sectors, extreme events are becoming more frequent and their intensity has increased. The agricultural sector is one of the sectors that has had the most negative impacts due to the effects of climate change, in addition to being a sector that potentially contributes to the generation of greenhouse gases, making the problem chronic. In order to measure the effects of climate change on corn price, it was analyzed how changes in temperature and precipitation over a broad time horizon (1992-2022) have physically affected corn yields and what is their effect on the price of this crop in Mexico through a two-stage least squares model; it was found that, without taking into account climatological variables, in the face of an increase in yield, the price shows a decrease of 5.7%; nevertheless, when including the effect of climate change, the reduction in the price is 2%; using the IPCC climate change scenarios, it was concluded that, in the long term, these variations in the price of corn would cause distortions in the market, negatively impacting the dynamics of inflation and, consequently, making the minimum consumption basket more expensive.

Weeds associated with garlic crops in southern Nuevo León

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The state of Nuevo León ranks fifth in the national production of garlic with a production of 3 044 t and an average yield of 8.8 t ha^-1. Garlic crops are important to the south of the state for more than 150 producers. One of the main problems is the presence of weed plants. The purpose of this work was to record the main species of weeds present in garlic crops in the locality of La Ascensión, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. The size of the plot was 16 m², the species found were recorded, and the identity and their synonyms were verified. For the ecological characterization, the height, cover, and diameter of the individuals found in each of the sampling plots were evaluated. For each species, the following structural variables were calculated: abundance, dominance, frequency and importance value. A total of 21 species were found, which are cataloged in 12 families, among which Asteraceae (6) and Brassicaceae (3) predominate. The cluster analysis showed that there is similarity in terms of the number of individuals and species per farm in three of the units. The species Argemone grandiflora and Centaurea rothrockii presented the highest abundance, whereas the highest dominance and importance value is held by Argemone grandiflora.

Determination of physical and physiological quality in seeds from sorghums evaluated in the Bajío

Jaime Cruz Rodríguez Gómez — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

For a seed to be considered of high quality, its attributes of physical, physiological, and genetic purity must be in balance; therefore, it is vitally important to evaluate it through scientific criteria for its production and marketing. In the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Seed Production Program of the College of Postgraduates, Montecillo Campus, in 2022, the moisture content, volumetric weight, and weight of 1000 seeds were determined and a standard germination test was established with the aim of determining the physical and physiological quality in seeds of sorghums grown during the autumn-winter agricultural cycle of 2021 in the Bajío Experimental Field of INIFAP. Physical and physiological quality parameters were evaluated using a completely randomized design. The statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of variance and Tukey’s test ≤0.5, with the RStudio 4.3.3 statistical package. The cultivars ET-V5 (78.74 g) and Súper Sorgo 35 (38.5 g) presented the highest values in terms of the variables volumetric weight and weight of 1 000 seeds, respectively. The Silo Máster cultivar showed the highest values for germination percentage and viability percentage (82.75 and 86.25%), respectively. The cultivars ET-V5, Súper Sorgo 09, and Súper Sorgo 35 presented the best physical quality in seeds among the materials evaluated. Silo Máster surpassed the other cultivars evaluated, obtaining the highest values in terms of physiological quality in seeds. The seeds of the commercial hybrids with forage purpose had better physical and physiological quality than the experimental varieties of dual purpose, forage-ethanol, with the cultivars Silo Máster, Súper Sorgo 09, Súper Sorgo 35, and ET-V5, standing out.

Commercial potential of fruits from albus varietal groups of chayote

Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

México cuenta con la mayor variabilidad de frutos de chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Sw.). Sin embargo, no hay reportes sobre los tratamientos postcosecha para los chayotes blancos tipo albus. El objetivo fue evaluar diferentes tratamientos postcosecha en los grupos varietales albus: a. minor, a. levis, a. dulcis, a. spinosum y a. levis gigante cosechados en Huatusco, Veracruz, México. Para ello los frutos se almacenaron a 12 ±1 °C y 90 ±5% HR por siete días, y después se mantuvieron a 18 ±1 °C y 60 ±5% HR para su evaluación. Los tratamientos fueron: cera, película plástica, ácido cítrico y ácido ascórbico, solos o combinados. Se determinó la pérdida de peso, la calidad comercial, la actividad enzimática, la permeabilidad de membrana y el contenido de fenoles. Se observó que los frutos tipo albus son sensibles al obscurecimiento del epicarpio, pérdida de peso, viviparismo e incidencia de hongos, con una vida de anaquel de entre 1 y 6 días. El uso de recubrimiento de cera y películas plásticas individuales o combinadas con ácidos orgánicos redujeron las pérdidas de peso y la actividad enzimática de polifenol oxidasa (PPO) y peroxidasa (POD), incrementando la vida útil de los frutos de 6 a 12 días.

Biological control of anthracnose using antagonistic microorganisms in Coffea arabica in the State of Mexico

Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Coffee in Mexico is important for the economy, generating jobs and foreign exchange; nevertheless, it faces phytosanitary problems such as anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp., which is managed through chemical products, affecting the environment, so it is necessary to look for friendlier alternatives to control this disease. The research aimed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of three microorganisms (Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and Verticillium sp.) against Colletotrichum sp., in samples collected in the municipalities of Temascaltepec and Tejupilco, State of Mexico on different dates in 2024. The experiment was conducted in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural, Aquaculture and Forestry Research and Training of the State of Mexico. Antagonistic strains were confronted in vitro against Colletotrichum sp., calculating the following with the ImagenJ software: a) degree of mycoparasitism and b) percentage of growth inhibition. To determine the mode of action of the antagonism, an Anova and a Tukey comparison of means (p> 0.05) were performed. It was observed that Trichoderma sp. presented the highest degree of inhibition on the phytopathogen with 85.15%, Bacillus sp. with 59.27%, and Verticillium sp. with 47.08%. It was concluded that Trichoderma sp. was the microorganism that has the greatest antagonistic effect, which suggested the feasibility of conducting field research to evaluate the impact of this microorganism in the control of the disease under natural conditions.

Climate change and sugarcane yield at the Tres Valles sugar mill

Thu, 13 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The sugarcane agribusiness is important for food sovereignty in Mexico, but climate change affects its production and yield. This study analyzed how climatic variables and prices impact sucrose yield in fresh cane at the Tres Valles mill, Veracruz, from 1995 to 2022, using a model of two simultaneous equations. The objective was to analyze to what extent climatic variables and respective relevant prices affect the yield of sucrose in cane, expressed in its equivalent of fresh cane, in order to quantify the magnitude of this impact. The results show that thermal oscillation has the greatest positive impact (elasticity of 1.01), whereas solar radiation has the greatest negative impact (elasticity of -2.06). Carbon dioxide emissions have a moderate positive effect (elasticity of 0.78) and precipitation has a smaller positive impact (elasticity of 0.17). The index of prices of cane sugar shows a positive elasticity of 0.96, while the wholesale price of standard sugar has a negative elasticity of -0.2. It was concluded that this type of study provides valuable information on the sensitivity of sucrose yield to climatic and economic factors, useful for mitigating climate change.

Nutritional value of the forage from sorghums evaluated in the Bajío

Jaime Cruz Rodríguez-Gómez, Miguel Hernández-Martínez — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sorghum forage generally provides yields similar to that of corn, its silage contains less starch, similar proteins, and more fiber than corn, and its water requirement is lower, which has made it an alternative to forage corn. In 2022, at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Postgraduate Program in Genetic Resources and Productivity, Livestock Program of the College of Postgraduates, Montecillo Campus, we carried out the bromatological analysis of forage samples from sorghum cultivars grown during the autumn-winter agricultural cycle of 2021 at the Bajío Experimental Field of INIFAP, with the aim of evaluating their nutritional value. A completely randomized design with 3 replications was used. The statistical analysis was performed through a Tukey test at 5% for the comparison of means between cultivars, using the RStudio 4.3.3 statistical package. The Súper Sorgo 35 cultivar presented the highest values for neutral detergent fiber (76.19%) and total protein (13.52%). The cultivars Silage king (95.6%), Silo Máster (20.05%), ET-V1 (56.87%), and RB Cañero (1.84%) exhibited the highest values for dry matter, ash, acid detergent fiber and ethereal extract, respectively. Sorghum forage showed statistically significant differences between cultivars for all the variables studied, with Silage King and Súper Sorgo 35 standing out with a higher percentage of dry matter and protein, respectively, compared to the rest of the cultivars assessed. The nutritional value of the forage of the sorghums evaluated was outstanding, making this crop an alternative for animal feed.

Effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl on the severity of Pythium sp. in tomato

Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In tomatoes, the genus Pythium can cause economic losses of up to 50%. Acibenzolar-S-methyl is an inducer of plant defense, which has shown effectiveness against diseases caused by fungi, viruses and bacteria. The objectives of this study were to determine the in vitro effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl on mycelial growth and on the severity of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Pythium sp. The in vitro effect was determined in V8 culture medium, whereas the severity of damping-off was determined in seedlings with two true leaves. Acibenzolar-S-methyl was applied via irrigation at concentrations of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 mg L^-1, three days before inoculating the seedlings with the oomycete. Pythium severity was evaluated eight days after inoculating the pathogen. Acibenzolar-S-methyl did not affect the mycelial growth of the oomycete under in vitro conditions. In seedlings, the 15 mg L^-1 dose of the inducing product significantly reduced the damage caused by the oomycete, compared to the control treatment and the fungicide treatment. These results suggest that Acibenzolar-S-methyl could represent another option for managing tomato seedling damping-off caused by Pythium sp.

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning in three varieties of amaranth

Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The revaluation of amaranth crops has a significant boom as a food of great value in human nutrition and a greater presence in the diet of the Mexican population and other countries. This study aimed to determine the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and partitioning by morphological organ in three varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.): Areli, Diego and PQ2. An experiment was established in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications, under rainfed field conditions in the experimental field of Phytotechnics of the Chapingo Autonomous University, during the spring-summer cycle of 2023. From day 21 after the emergence, 17 whole plant samplings were performed every seven days, divided by organs and dried for the determination of dry biomass. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (α= 0.05) and a comparison of means test (Tukey, α= 0.05). Of the total dry biomass, roots accounted for about 11%, stems ranged from 43 to 60%, and leaves made up about 32% of the total. Dry grain biomass accounted for about 11.2, 17.2 and 19% of total dry biomass in Areli, Diego and PQ2, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the development of the three varieties. Diego and PQ2 showed greater accumulation of dry matter compared to Areli, under limited soil moisture conditions caused by low precipitation during the cycle.

Organizing and empowering artisan women: twenty-year state of the art of

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Several studies have highlighted the crucial role that women’s organizations, such as cooperatives and craft associations, play in women’s empowerment. These spaces provide training, mutual support, and personal, economic, and social development, which contributed to improving women’s living conditions and promoting their social participation. Empowerment is key to achieving gender equality; it is necessary to analyze how organizations promote this process. The objective of this essay is to describe, through a bibliographic review, the contribution of organizations to the empowerment of artisan women in the following dimensions: personal, close relationships, and collective, highlighting the benefits and challenges they face in each one. A documentary analysis of 34 academic sources was conducted, including scientific articles and books from Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo published between 2004 and 2024 in the Latin American region. The analysis allowed us to classify 14 documents into the personal dimension, 9 into the close relationships dimension and 11 into the collective dimension. The systematization of the information showed that organizations strengthen women’s empowerment by creating support networks, improving skills and facilitating access to economic resources. The main challenges identified were the unequal distribution of resources, domestic-organizational conflicts, and internal power dynamics. Strengthening these organizations through inclusive policies, technical, organizational and gender training, and transparent management is essential to maximize their contribution to the empowerment of artisan women.