Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas

Weeds associated with garlic crops in southern Nuevo León

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The state of Nuevo León ranks fifth in the national production of garlic with a production of 3 044 t and an average yield of 8.8 t ha^-1. Garlic crops are important to the south of the state for more than 150 producers. One of the main problems is the presence of weed plants. The purpose of this work was to record the main species of weeds present in garlic crops in the locality of La Ascensión, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. The size of the plot was 16 m², the species found were recorded, and the identity and their synonyms were verified. For the ecological characterization, the height, cover, and diameter of the individuals found in each of the sampling plots were evaluated. For each species, the following structural variables were calculated: abundance, dominance, frequency and importance value. A total of 21 species were found, which are cataloged in 12 families, among which Asteraceae (6) and Brassicaceae (3) predominate. The cluster analysis showed that there is similarity in terms of the number of individuals and species per farm in three of the units. The species Argemone grandiflora and Centaurea rothrockii presented the highest abundance, whereas the highest dominance and importance value is held by Argemone grandiflora.

Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci to chemical and organic insecticides in the Comarca Lagunera

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Melon crops are affected by Bemisia tabaci, which causes losses of up to 100% of the production; to control this pest, chemical active ingredients that can generate resistance are used. This research aimed to determine the susceptibility of B. tabaci populations through chemical and organic pesticides in melon-producing areas in the Comarca Lagunera. In 2023, four populations of B. tabaci were collected in the localities of Matamoros, Coahuila, Esmeralda, Tlahualilo and Ceballos, Durango. Bioassays were performed using the leaf immersion technique to determine the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀), as well as to obtain the dose-mortality curve and the resistance ratio based on a susceptible line (Njcs). According to the results, the extracts of mustard and garlic and the active ingredients Imidacloprid and Dimethoate obtained the highest LC₅₀, with values of 430.84, 404.19, 449.71 and 1 607 ppm in the Matamoros population. For the active ingredients Lambda-cyhalothrin and Chlorantraniliprole, the Ceballos population presented LC₅₀ values of 234.18 and 165.31 ppm, respectively. In the case of the resistance ratio, the Matamoros population obtained the highest values for mustard and garlic extracts, Imidacloprid, and Dimethoate, with 16.23, 11.85, 11.89, and 6.12 X, respectively. For the active ingredients Lambda-cyhalothrin and Chlorantraniliprole, the Ceballos population reached values of 12.7 and 6.71 X. According to the results, the Matamoros population showed greater resistance to the active ingredients evaluated compared to the susceptible line.

Changes in the edaphic macrofauna in a Cambisol under different management conditions

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Soil is part of the biosphere and the edaphic macrofauna is made up of the organisms that inhabit the surface of the soil. The research aimed to determine the change of the edaphic macrofauna under different management conditions in Cambisol. The experimental work was carried out on the ‘Aeropuerto’ farm in the municipality of Cienfuegos. To sample the macrofauna, the methodology of the International Research Program ‘Biology and Fertility of Tropical Soils’ was used. The management systems evaluated were: a reference soil, under undisturbed forests (> 50 years), a soil conserved under pastures (more than 10 years), and an agrogenic soil with continuous cultivation (planted with sugarcane for more than 60 years). The identified edaphic macrofauna was grouped into three phyla, seven classes and 20 orders. The highest total values of insects (60.08 m²) were obtained in forest management and the lowest values were obtained in pasture and continuous cultivation, which were similar (38.62 and 37.8 m²). Forest management (91.3 individuals) revealed the highest values of the predatory, detritivorous and herbivorous functional groups compared to pasture management (50.6 individuals) and cultivation management (20.75 individuals), with statistical differences. It was concluded that, under the management of continuous cultivation, the total values of insects and the functional groups of the macrofauna are low. This could be a negative indicator of the degradation process that commonly occurs in continuous cultivation. The study provided the possibility of relating the changes in the macrofauna to the management conditions for experimental and productive purposes.

Antagonism of Streptomyces spp. on Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in potatoes

Karen Marilu Cieza-Barboza, Nilda Judith Guevara-Quiroz, Roberto Ventura-Flores — Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bacterial wilt is a disease that affects the crops of potato, Solanum tuberosum, and is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which generates a decrease in productivity and economic losses for farmers. The objective was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Streptomyces spp. against R. solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt in S. tuberosum. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, where seeding by depletion and streaking were used for bacterial isolates of tuber and soil samples. Antagonistic activity was assessed by perpendicular streaks. A total of 28 strains of R. solanacearum and 50 of Streptomyces spp. were isolated, and 22% of them inhibited the growth of the phytopathogenic bacterium. The results of the analysis of variance (Anova) showed a significant inhibitory effect of Streptomyces against R. solanacearum. For its part, Tukey’s test revealed differences between treatments. Therefore, Streptomyces spp. has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents, aspects that should be evaluated in experiments with potato plants.

Residual soil due to extraction for brick and corn productivity

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The extraction of large volumes of soil from agricultural land can have implications for crop production. The objective was to determine the area of agricultural land affected by the extraction of soil for brick manufacturing, the volume extracted, and the effect it has on corn yield in the locality of Santa María Zacatepec, Puebla, in 2022. To do this, plots were georeferenced and the volume extracted and income from sale were calculated; three sites were selected, one undisturbed (Undsoil), another that has undergone soil extraction for more than 12 years (Soildis12), and one that has undergone recent extraction (Soilrecdis) to evaluate the effect on corn yield. All the three sites were planted with the HS-2 corn hybrid to evaluate the response to the factors N, P₂O₅, K₂O and population density integrated into a central composite, rotatable matrix with almost homogeneous information. In the locality, 25.2% of the area has been affected by soil extraction; on average, 33 354.4 m³ ha^-1 is extracted, which generates a net income of 555 918.30 $ ha^-1. Corn yield decreased by 79.1% in the remaining soil, with a loss of 52.20 cents per peso invested. The results show that it is possible to recover soils affected by extraction by applying organic matter.

Correlation of plant, fruit and seed traits of squash accessions in Tlaxcala

Israel Rojas-Martínez, Rogelio Fernández-Sosa, Dora Ma. Sangerman-Jarquín — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) is grown in Tlaxcala, utilizing the plant, flower, fruit, and seed. The diversity of native accessions is due to the interaction with the environment in two regions of the state, which are appropriate to the management of producers. It is important to identify outstanding accessions in fruit and seed in the face of the scarcity of improved materials. The positive and direct correlation of traits evaluated in 50 accessions was shown. They were evaluated in two localities, and the sowing took place on May 12 and 27, 2022. The experimental plot consisted of 12 clumps 1.5 m apart and a distance of 0.8 m between rows. The analysis of variance (Anova) indicated significant differences (p< 0.01) between localities, accessions, and the interaction, which shows genetic variability and response to the environment. Accessions 5, 25, 34, 35, 37, 38, and 39 were productive, with fruit yields between 31.8 and 46.6 t ha^-1 and seed yields between 941 and 1 190 kg ha^-1. There was a significant positive correlation (r= 0.9^**) between fruit and seed yield, both associated with fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, fruit diameter, pulp thickness and peduncle diameter. The results confirm genetic variability in native accessions. The high correlation between fruit and seed yield, as well as their association with key morphological traits, indicates their usefulness in genetic improvement programs to increase productivity and quality. Outstanding accessions may represent an important genetic basis for conservation and use in production systems.

Impact of climate change on corn price, a current analysis

Nelly Azucena Torres-Márquez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Damián — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is a problem that has worsened in recent years, its effects have spread to all economic sectors, extreme events are becoming more frequent and their intensity has increased. The agricultural sector is one of the sectors that has had the most negative impacts due to the effects of climate change, in addition to being a sector that potentially contributes to the generation of greenhouse gases, making the problem chronic. In order to measure the effects of climate change on corn price, it was analyzed how changes in temperature and precipitation over a broad time horizon (1992-2022) have physically affected corn yields and what is their effect on the price of this crop in Mexico through a two-stage least squares model; it was found that, without taking into account climatological variables, in the face of an increase in yield, the price shows a decrease of 5.7%; nevertheless, when including the effect of climate change, the reduction in the price is 2%; using the IPCC climate change scenarios, it was concluded that, in the long term, these variations in the price of corn would cause distortions in the market, negatively impacting the dynamics of inflation and, consequently, making the minimum consumption basket more expensive.