Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas <p>The <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong>. It is a scientific journal edited by the <strong>Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias</strong> (INIFAP).</p> <p>It is bilingual and is a continuously published magazine.</p> <p>Original and unpublished publications, related to agricultural sciences and related areas, which are presented in the form of scientific articles, research notes, essays and description of crops, with the purpose of disseminating the results of research on the agricultural topic to society. .</p> <p><strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas </strong>is aimed at researchers, academics and, in general, at all people in society interested in agricultural sciences. <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong> has managed to position itself as a knowledge transfer resource.</p> es-ES <p>The authors who publish in <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas </strong>accept the following conditions:</p> <p>In accordance with copyright laws, <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong> recognizes and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights which will be transferred to the journal for dissemination in open access. Invariably, all the authors have to sign a letter of transfer of property rights and of originality of the article to Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) [National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research]. The author(s) must pay a fee for the reception of articles before proceeding to editorial review. </p> <p>All the texts published by <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong> —with no exception— are distributed under a Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows third parties to use the publication as long as the work’s authorship and its first publication in this journal are mentioned.</p> <p>The author(s) can enter into independent and additional contractual agreements for the nonexclusive distribution of the version of the article published in <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong> (for example include it into an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as it is clearly and explicitly indicated that the work was published for the first time in <strong>Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas</strong>.</p> <p>For all the above, the authors shall send the Letter-transfer of Property Rights for the first publication duly filled in and signed by the author(s). This form must be sent as a PDF file to: <a href="mailto:revista_atm@yahoo.com.mx">revista_atm@yahoo.com.mx</a>; <a href="mailto:cienciasagricola@inifap.gob.mx">cienciasagricola@inifap.gob.mx</a>; remexca2017@gmail.</p> <p> </p> <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International license.</p> cienciasagricolas@inifap.gob.mx (Dra. Dora M. Sangerman-Jarquín) cienciasagricolas2017@gmail.com (Lic. Miguel Ángel Cruz Reyes y Lic. Miriam Lagunas Francisco) Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.7 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Formulas for series of experiments in a Latin square design in a split-plot arrangement https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3861 <p>Series of experiments in time, space, or combining both environments in a split-plot or split-split-plot arrangement in a Latin square design have not been frequently used. In this research, a statistical model and formulas are constructed to obtain degrees of freedom and sum of squares using quadratic or matrix forms and least squares, when the components of time and space are confused in environments, as a prerequisite to extend their analysis with balanced subsampling. In relation to the main plot, it is assumed that there is no interaction between rows, columns and levels of factor A, and rows and columns with the environments; this restriction also applies between rows and columns or both, with factors A, B and their interaction, but it is also indicated how to reach the same results by introducing the principle of crossing and nesting, particularly if a statistical package will be applied; emphasis is also placed on the formulas to directly calculate degrees of freedom and sum of squares for errors a and b, as well as for those corresponding to main plots and subplots.</p> Delfina de Jesús Pérez-López, Artemio Balbuena-Melgarejo, Jesús Hernández-Ávila, J. Ramón Pascual Franco-Martínez, José Antonio Rodríguez-González, Andrés González-Huerta Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3861 Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Silver nanoparticles in strawberry quality https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3808 <p>Silver nanoparticles, being inorganic biostimulants in strawberry crops, can serve as food preservative compounds. The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of applying silver nanoparticles via leaves and roots at increasing doses on the quality of strawberry (<em>Fragaria</em> x <em>ananassa</em> Duch.) cultivar Festival. The experiment was established in a greenhouse in the experimental agricultural field of the Chapingo Autonomous University, Texcoco, State of Mexico, in 2022 and 2023 (latitude 19.4661, longitude -98.8538). Strawberry plants of the Festival cultivar were used as plant material and placed in an open hydroponic system. The treatments of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg L<sup>-1</sup> silver nanoparticles were applied via leaves and roots, respectively. At 70 days after the start of treatments, fresh weight, firmness, pH, degrees brix, colorimetry, vitamin C, total soluble proteins, total phenols and anthocyanins were determined. The results showed that the foliar application of silver nanoparticles increased fresh weight, firmness, pH, degrees brix, colorimetry, total phenols, and anthocyanins, and the root application of silver nanoparticles increased firmness, pH, degrees brix, colorimetry, vitamin C, total soluble proteins, total phenols, and anthocyanins. The applications of silver nanoparticles via leaves and roots conclusively increased the quality indicators of strawberry fruits of the Festival cultivar; this makes silver nanoparticles a viable alternative in Mexico’s food sovereignty.</p> Disraeli Eron Moreno-Guerrero, Catalino Jorge López-Collado, Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir, Sergio Humberto Chávez-Franco, Alejandro Alonso-López, Diego Esteban Platas-Rosado Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3808 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Molecular characterization of wild and cultivated Chenopodium berlandieri (Chenopodiaceae) from central Mexico https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3805 <p>The genus <em>Chenopodium</em> contains two species of importance in the diet of Mesoamerica and South America, namely <em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd. (Quinoa) and <em>Chenopodium berlandieri</em> subsp. <em>nuttalliae</em>, the genetic resources of which have not been characterized despite their great nutritional potential and adaptability. In order to molecularly characterize germplasm of red chia, huauzontle (<em>Chenopodium</em> <em>berlandieri</em> subsp. <em>nuttalliae</em>) and quinoa (<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd.), we molecularly studied 48 genotypes from the Germplasm Banks of the National Institute of Nuclear Research and the Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory of Brigham Young University. To determine the genetic variability, 14 microsatellite markers (SSRs), specific for <em>Chenopodium</em>, were used. Genetic affinity was assessed using the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the analysis of results was performed using the UPGMA method. The results indicate that, within the studied genotypes of both species, 175 alleles were produced, ranging from 8 (KGA16, QCA88) to 16 (QCA37, QAAT74, QCA57), these being the ones that obtained the most alleles per locus. The dendrogram showed that, at a coefficient of 0.9, four main groups were formed, where groups 1 and 2 join advanced lines of quinoa and red chia, mutants of red chia and huauzontle, groups 3 and 4 joins chia and huauzontle, and group five includes all the germplasm of the Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory of BYU, mostly made up of subspecies of <em>Chenopodium zsachei</em>, <em>boscianum</em> and <em>zinatum</em>. It was concluded that there is a great genetic affinity between quinoa, huauzontle and red chia, which opens the possibility of inter- and intraspecific crosses for the genetic improvement of both species.</p> Juan Manuel García-Andrade, Eulogio De la Cruz-Torres, Martín Rubí-Arriaga, Antonio Laguna-Cerda, Dora Ma. Sangerman-Jarquín Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3805 Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Spatial variability of Mycosphaerella coffeicola (Cooke) populations in coffee plantations, State of Mexico https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3798 <p>Coffee is an important crop in Mexico and the State of Mexico is a producing state affected by the iron spot disease caused by the fungus <em>Mycosphaerella coffeicola</em>; this disease reduces the synthetic area, causes defoliation and can affect the quality of beans. Its control is limited due to the lack of knowledge of its spatial distribution within the plots. This study determined the distribution of iron spot in coffee using geostatistical techniques. Semivariograms and distribution maps were made by ordinary kriging, estimating the infested area. The incidence varied and correlated with temperature and relative humidity. An aggregate distribution that fitted theoretical models (Gaussian and spherical) was observed. Infestation was not uniform in the plots, suggesting that targeted control can optimize costs and improve the sustainability of crop management.</p> Dulce Karen Figueroa-Figueroa, Fidel Lara-Vázquez, José Francisco Ramírez-Dávila, Aurelio Pérez-Constantino, Agustín David Acosta-Guadarrama; Federico Benjamín Galacho-Jiménez Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3798 Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Nutraceutical analysis of fig cv. Nezahualcóyotl dehydrated by osmo-convection https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3794 <p>This research aimed to analyze the nutraceutical properties of fig (<em>Ficus Carica</em> L.) cv. Nezahualcóyotl dehydrated by osmo-convection. Due to the limited information on this variety in Mexico, the impact of the dehydration method on the bioactive compounds of the fruit was evaluated. The study was conducted in Texcoco, State of Mexico in 2024, using 120 fig plants under organic production. Thirty-six fruits were randomly taken and subjected to osmotic dehydration with sucrose concentrations of 0, 40, 50 and 60%, followed by convective dehydration at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 °C. A completely randomized design was established, where the data were analyzed through Anova, Duncan tests or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests according to the nature of the variables. The results showed that figs osmotically dehydrated with sucrose concentrations of 40-50% and convective temperatures of 50-60 °C presented the highest retention of total phenols, reaching values of up to 1 652.96 mg tannins g<sup>-1</sup> fresh weight. In addition, antioxidant capacity increased by 54% compared to fresh figs, whereas vitamin C underwent significant degradation at temperatures above 60 °C. These findings provide information on the Nezahualcóyotl fig variety and suggest that the combination of osmotic and convective dehydration is an effective strategy to conserve and enhance nutraceutical properties that can have an agro-industrial and commercial impact.</p> José Eduardo De la Sancha-Coria, Yolanda Leticia Fernández-Pavía, José Luis García-Cue, María Teresa Beryl Colinas-León, Alfonso Muratalla-Lúa Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3794 Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Different colors of plastic mulch in the modification of the microclimate, yield and quality of onion https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3793 <p>In Sinaloa, one of the causes of the low yield of onion (<em>Allium cepa</em> L.) is that the minimum temperatures do not drop enough to stimulate bulb development. In view of this, looking for an alternative to reduce the temperature in the field, the influence of plastic mulch on the modification of the microclimate and on the quality and yield of this vegetable was evaluated. To this end, during the autumn-winter 2021-2022 cycle, an experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications. Three colors of plastic mulch were evaluated: black, gray/black, white/black, and the unmulched control. The response variables were soil temperature and moisture, plant development, including weight, bulb diameter, plant height, number of leaves, degrees Brix, and firmness. It was found that the lowest soil temperatures and the highest moisture retention occurred in the white/black plastic mulch, and it was also where the highest weight, bulb diameter, and yield were obtained. Considering the modifications to the microclimate, it was concluded that using white/black plastic mulch is suitable for the conditions of the autumn-winter cycle of the semi-arid and warm climate of the agricultural areas of Sinaloa.</p> Verónica Delgado-Pacheco, Carlos Alfonso López-Orona, Martín Abraham Tirado-Ramírez, Walter Arturo Rubio-Aragón, Raymundo Medina-López, Guadalupe Alfonso López-Urquídez Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3793 Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Alternative insecticides for controlling Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Lividae) in lemon https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3417 <p>In Mexico, the management of <em>Diaphorina citri</em> in Mexican lime is mainly based on scheduled applications of synthetic pesticides, without prior sampling, or rotation of the different toxicological groups, which leads to an excessive growth of the populations of this insect due to the development of resistance because of the excessive application of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of organosynthetic insecticides for the control of <em>D. citri</em> in Mexican lime and the effect of these new molecules on its main natural enemies. Sixteen new molecules were evaluated with ten replications and a completely randomized experimental design, and the variables studied were number of psyllids and natural enemies. Sampling was carried out on 2, 8, 15, 20 and 29 days after application. The following was performed using the SAS statistical program: normality and homoscedasticity test on the data of variances, Anova, and Duncan’s test (<em>p</em>&lt; 0.05). Compared to the previous sampling, Tolfenpyrad<sup>®</sup> had a mortality rate of 97.5, 92.6, 95.1 and 100% at 8, 15, 20 and 29 days after application, respectively. In contrast, Cyantraniliprole<sup>®</sup> showed 93.9, 69.7, 81.81 and 100% at 8, 15, 20 and 29 days after application. However, some other products, such as Chlorantraniliprole<sup>®</sup> and Neem plus oil can be an alternative at a low pest density.</p> Mario Alberto Miranda-Salcedo, Ernesto González-Gaona Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3417 Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sustainable crops of wild agaves from Jalisco for the production of raicilla https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3820 <p>This study aimed to analyze the sustainable cultivation and conservation of raicillero agaves since 2022, highlighting their role in the preservation of biodiversity in the raicilla industry. The central problem lies in the pressure on local ecosystems due to the increase in international demand for the distillate, which threatens the genetic diversity of the agave species used. Through a census methodology based on interviews, exhaustive documentary analysis, and statistical data, sustainable agricultural practices, such as the reforestation of wild agaves, and micropropagation techniques were identified in the 17 municipalities with the raicilla designation of origin; 16 in Jalisco: Atengo, Chiquilistlán, Juchitlán, Tecolotlán, Tenamaxtlán, Puerto Vallarta, Cabo Corrientes, Tomatlán, Atenguillo, Ayutla, Cuautla, Guachinango, Mascota, Mixtlán, San Sebastián del Oeste, and Talpa de Allende and 1 in Nayarit: Bahía de Banderas. The results indicate that <em>Agave maximiliana</em> Baker continues to dominate the cultivation for raicilla, which represents 75.4% of the current plantations, whereas <em>Agave angustifolia</em> Haw. and <em>A. inaequidens</em> have significant increases in adoption, reaching shares of 31.6% and 7%, respectively. It was concluded that it is essential to continue with the reforestation of agaves, implement public policies, sustainable certifications, and technological innovation to strengthen their competitiveness in international markets and ensure their contribution to rural development and environmental conservation in Mexico.</p> Dolores Javier Sánchez-González Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3820 Sun, 07 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Morphological characterization of the national cassava collection for conservation purposes at the NIAI, Peru https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3736 <p>The research aimed to morphologically characterize the national collection of cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta</em> Crantz) of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (NIAI), Peru for conservation purposes. The study was conducted at the NIAI experimental station in Huaral (Lima); observation plots were installed with a systematic distribution of 741 accessions in the experimental field. Depending on the development of the crop, the evaluation and characterization were carried out using descriptors prepared by the curators of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used for the parameters used in the characterization and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the qualitative descriptors. Subsequently, a principal component analysis was performed to examine the association between the traits. The quantitative and qualitative parameters allowed discrimination between genotypes and establishing groups of accessions according to their similar characteristics using descriptors developed by the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation. Morphological variability was found among the conserved accessions of the cassava germplasm bank, and 12 promising accessions with potential for use for genetic improvement, suitable for human consumption and for food security, were identified.</p> Mavel Marcelo-Salvador, Doris Celestino-Avelino, Elizabeth Fernández-Huaytalla, Sergio Contreras-Liza Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3736 Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Strengthening local seed production systems in the Andean-Amazonian Piedmont https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3720 <p>The use of quality seed in commercial crops is related to less damage from pests and diseases and increases in the productivity and profitability of the activity. Nevertheless, its availability and access are limited to a large segment of family producers. In response, the National Seed Plan project was implemented between 2020 and 2024, which was aimed at producer organizations to strengthen their local systems for obtaining quality seed that can contribute to improving agricultural productivity, diversifying sources of income, and empowering farmers in technical, associative, and commercial principles linked to seed production. The manuscript presents the experience Strengthening for the production of quality seed of the association of bean growers of Sibundoy-Asofris in technical, organizational, and commercial aspects through participatory work strategies and with a learning-by-doing approach, achieving the construction of a system of self-sufficiency, traceability, and business model for the organization.</p> Luis Felipe Rincón-Manrique, Housseman Steven Ramos-Zambrano, Lizeth Tatiana Luna-Mancilla, María Camila Ortega-Cepeda, Juan Fernando López-Rendon, Wilfrand Ferney Bejarano-Herrera Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://cienciasagricolas.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/agricolas/article/view/3720 Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000