Optimizing bean trade routes in Mexico through linear programming
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v17i4.4120Keywords:
agricultural logistics, food security, linear programmingAbstract
This study optimized bean distribution routes in Mexico through linear programming to reduce logistics costs. Two scenarios were analyzed: one of a closed economy, which showed that national production is insufficient to meet total demand, and another of an open economy, which considered the production deficit caused by the drought of 2024, which, as part of a growing climatic pattern, intensified pressure on Mexican agricultural production and reduced yields in crops such as beans. This shock widened the structural deficit that Mexico covers with imports. This second model determined the optimal routes for distributing 286 411.31 t of imported beans, identifying the customs offices of Veracruz, Manzanillo and Nuevo Laredo as the main points of entry. The research concludes that the logistical optimization of domestic production and imports is crucial for the country’s food security.
Downloads
References
Aduanas y Comercio. 2024. Importaciones de maíz y frijol en México alcanzan niveles récord en 2023, superando expectativas del gobierno. Recuperado de https://aduanasycomercio.mx/blog/importaciones-de-maiz-y-frijol-en-mexico-alcanzan-niveles-record-en-2023-superando-expectativas-del-gobierno.
Ayala-Garay, A. V.; Acosta-Gallegos, J. A. and Reyes-Muro, L. 2021. El cultivo del frijol presente y futuro para México. INIFAP-CIRCE. Campo Experimental Bajío. Celaya, Guanajuato, México. Libro técnico núm. 1. 81-98 pp. Doi:10.4236/oalib.1110996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1110996
Banco de México. 2025. Matriz producto-región (volumen). Cubo de Información de Comercio Exterior. https://www.banxico.org.mx/CuboComercioExterior/Volumen/matrizprodregion.
Borja-Bravo, M. y García-Salazar, J. A. 2022. El programa de fertilizantes para el bienestar y el mercado de frijol en México. Agronomía Mesoamericana. 33(2):e47216. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i2.47216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i2.47216
Borja-Bravo, M.; García-Salazar, J. A.; Arellano-Arciniega, S.; Almeraya-Quintero, S. X. and Guajardo-Hernández, L. G. 2023. Effects of drought on the Mexican bean market. Interciencia, 48(2):76-85. https://www.interciencia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/01-6936-A-garcia-salazar-v48n2-7.pdf.
Caballero-García, M. A.; Santoyo-Cortés, V. H.; Ramírez-Galindo, J. y Rebollar-Ávila, C. 2025. Efectos del precio de garantía sobre el precio medio rural del frijol en México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas. 16(2):365-378. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v16i2.3645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v16i2.3645
Castillo-Altamirano, M.; Martínez-Jiménez, D. D.; Luquez-Gaitan, C. E. y Aguirre-López, J. M. 2024. Optimización de las rutas comerciales de maíz en México mediante programación lineal. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas. 15(8):e3535. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v15i8.3535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v15i8.3535
CBRE Research. 2022. Global Seaport Review. Manzanillo, Mexico. Cbre. https://www.cbre.com/insights/local-response/2022-global-seaport-review-manzanillo.
Chen, X.; Wang, L.; Cao, Q.; Sun, J.; Niu, Z.; Yang, L. Jiang, W. 2024. Response of global agricultural productivity anomalies to drought stress in irrigated and rainfed agriculture. Science China Earth Sciences, 67(11):3579-3593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1328-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1328-2
CONAPO. 2025. Consejo Nacional de Población. Datos abiertos. Gobierno de México. https://conapo.segob.gob.mx/es/conapo/datos-abiertos.
De Luis-Peralta, A.; Vega-Valdivia, D. D.; Garza-Bueno, L. E. y Barrios-Puente, G. 2025. Análisis de la política agrícola en México: rentabilidad, competitividad y autosuficiencia alimentaria en granos básicos. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. 22(1): 107-122. https://doi.org/10.22231/asyd.v22i1.1693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22231/asyd.v22i1.1693
FAOSTAT. 2024. Trade data for Mexico beans (Phaseolus spp.), imports and exports 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/.
González-Andrade, S. y Aguilar-López, A. 2024. Análisis de simetría en la transmisión de precios de mercado del frijol negro en México: casos Zacatecas y Ciudad de México. Acta Universitaria. 34(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2024.4064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2024.4064
Guzmán-López, F.; Guerrero-Medina, M. del R. y Durán-Sosa, R. Y. 2024. Escasez hídrica en la agricultura como impacto del cambio climático en Zacatecas, México, 2000-2022. Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales. 20(2):56-66. https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/346.
Han, J. and Singh, V. P. 2023. A review of widely used drought indices and the challenges of drought assessment under climate change. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(12):1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12062-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12062-3
Hernández‑Marín, M. A.; Ortiz‑Gómez, R.; Zavala, M.; Rodríguez‑Rodríguez, J. A.; Alvarado Medellin, P. and Ortiz‑Robles, F. A. 2024. Hydrological simulation using the SWAT model in a semi‑arid region in the southern part of Zacatecas, Mexico. Environmental Earth Sciences, 83(540):1-16 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11837-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11837-2
Murray-Tortarolo, G. N.; Mendoza-Ponce, A.; Martínez-Salgado, M. y Sánchez Guijosa, K. 2024. Cambio climático y el agro mexicano: desafíos alimentarios. Revista Digital Universitaria. 25(4):1-12. https://doi.org/10.22201/ceide.16076079e.2024.25.4.5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/ceide.16076079e.2024.25.4.5
Ollenburger, M. H.; Kyle, P. and Zhang, X. 2022. Uncertainties in estimating global potential yields and their impacts for long-term modeling. Food Security. 14(6):1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01228-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01228-x
Ruiz-Valdiviezo, V. M. y Ruiz-Sánchez, E. X. 2021. Autosuficiencia alimentaria y rescate del campo mexicano: una perspectiva desde la biotecnología agrícola y la conservación de la agrodiversidad. Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas. 38(2):45-60. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/944/94480005003/.
SCT. 2025. Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes. Sistema de información de rutas (SIBUAC). Gobierno de México. https://app.sct.gob.mx/sibuac-internet/controllerui?action=cmdescogeruta.
SIAP. 2024. Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera Dirección General del Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera. Cierre agrícola y pecuario 2024. Gobierno de México. https://nube.agricultura.gob.mx/cierre-agricola/.
Vaca-Genuit, R. A. y Reyes-Hernández, H. 2025. Análisis del peligro de sequía meteorológica y percepción social del fenómeno en las regiones Media y Huasteca Potosina, México. Investigaciones Geográficas. 116:e60919. https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.60919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.60919
Wu, C.; Xu, Y.; Jin, J.; Zhou, Y.; Nie, B.; Li, R.; Cui, Y.; Tong, F. and Zhang, L. 2024. Meteorological to agricultural drought propagation time analysis and driving factors recognition considering time‑variant characteristics. Water Resources Management. 38(3):991-1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03705-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03705-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas accept the following conditions:
In accordance with copyright laws, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas recognizes and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights which will be transferred to the journal for dissemination in open access. Invariably, all the authors have to sign a letter of transfer of property rights and of originality of the article to Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) [National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research]. The author(s) must pay a fee for the reception of articles before proceeding to editorial review.
All the texts published by Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas —with no exception— are distributed under a Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows third parties to use the publication as long as the work’s authorship and its first publication in this journal are mentioned.
The author(s) can enter into independent and additional contractual agreements for the nonexclusive distribution of the version of the article published in Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas (for example include it into an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as it is clearly and explicitly indicated that the work was published for the first time in Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas.
For all the above, the authors shall send the Letter-transfer of Property Rights for the first publication duly filled in and signed by the author(s). This form must be sent as a PDF file to: revista_atm@yahoo.com.mx; cienciasagricola@inifap.gob.mx; remexca2017@gmail.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International license.
