DOI:https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i4.3152

Matías-Ramos, Hidalgo-Moreno, Fuentes-Ponce, Delgadillo-Martínez, and Etchevers: Potential of legume species as soil fertility enhancers in tropical regions

Journal Metadata

Journal Identifier: remexca [journal-id-type=publisher-id]

Journal Title Group

Journal Title (Full): Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

Abbreviated Journal Title: Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [abbrev-type=publisher]

ISSN: 2007-0934 [pub-type=ppub]

Publisher

Publisher’s Name: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias

Article Metadata

Article Identifier: 10.29312/remexca.v14i4.3152 [pub-id-type=doi]

Article Grouping Data

Subject Group [subj-group-type=heading]

Subject Grouping Name: Articles

Title Group

Article Title: Potential of legume species as soil fertility enhancers in tropical regions

Contributor Group

Contributor [contrib-type=author]

Name of Person [name-style=western]

Surname: Matías-Ramos

Given (First) Names: Moisés

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=aff; rid=aff1]

Superscript: 1

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=corresp; rid=c1]

Superscript: *

Contributor [contrib-type=author]

Name of Person [name-style=western]

Surname: Hidalgo-Moreno

Given (First) Names: Claudia Isabel

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=aff; rid=aff1]

Superscript: 1

Contributor [contrib-type=author]

Name of Person [name-style=western]

Surname: Fuentes-Ponce

Given (First) Names: Mariela

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=aff; rid=aff2]

Superscript: 2

Contributor [contrib-type=author]

Name of Person [name-style=western]

Surname: Delgadillo-Martínez

Given (First) Names: Julián

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=aff; rid=aff1]

Superscript: 1

Contributor [contrib-type=author]

Name of Person [name-style=western]

Surname: Etchevers

Given (First) Names: Jorge Dionisio

X (cross) Reference [ref-type=aff; rid=aff1]

Superscript: 1

Affiliation [id=aff1]

Label (of an Equation, Figure, Reference, etc.): 1

Institution Name: in an Address: Programa de Edafología, Campus Montecillos- Colegio de Postgraduados. Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5. Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México (matias.moises@colpos.mx; hidalgo@colpos.mx; juliandm@colpos.mx; jetchev@colpos.mx). [content-type=original]

Institution Name: in an Address: Colegio de Postgraduados [content-type=normalized]

Institution Name: in an Address: Campus Montecillos [content-type=orgdiv1]

Institution Name: in an Address: Colegio de Postgraduados [content-type=orgname]

Address Line

Postal Code: 56230

City: Texcoco

State or Province: Estado de México

Country: in an Address: Mexico [country=MX]

Email Address: matias.moises@colpos.mx

Affiliation [id=aff2]

Label (of an Equation, Figure, Reference, etc.): 2

Institution Name: in an Address: Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco. México (mfponce@correo.xoc.uam.mx). [content-type=original]

Institution Name: in an Address: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana [content-type=normalized]

Institution Name: in an Address: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana [content-type=orgname]

Institution Name: in an Address: Xochimilco [content-type=orgdiv1]

Country: in an Address: Mexico [country=MX]

Email Address: mfponce@correo.xoc.uam.mx

Author Note Group

Correspondence Information: [*] Autor para correspondencia: matias.moises@colpos.mx. [id=c1]

Publication Date [date-type=pub; publication-format=electronic]

Day: 19

Month: 06

Year: 2023

Publication Date [date-type=collection; publication-format=electronic]

Season: May-Jun

Year: 2023

Volume Number: 14

Issue Number: 4

First Page: 531

Last Page: 541

History: Document History

Date [date-type=received]

Day: 01

Month: 03

Year: 2023

Date [date-type=accepted]

Day: 01

Month: 06

Year: 2023

Permissions

License Information [license-type=open-access; xlink:href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; xml:lang=es]

Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

Abstract

Title: Abstract

An alternative to enhance the fertility of agricultural soils in tropical areas of Mexico and the world is through the use of vegetation covers and green manures, mainly of species of the family Leguminosae. The objective of this work was to analyze the potential of legumes as soil fertility enhancers in tropical agricultural areas through the documentary research technique, considering scientific research of the last 20 years, period 2000-2023. Derived from the review, 14 species widely studied and 24 more, with high potential as enhancers of the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, were determined. The species most used in the tropics are: Mucuna pruriens L. (DC) (biomass: 2.6 to 7.9 t ha-1 year-1, N: 80 to 200 kg ha-1 year-1), Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC (biomass: 4.6 t ha-1 year-1; N: 173 kg ha-1 year-1) and Centrosema macrocarpum Benth (biomass: 9.6 t ha-1 year-1, nitrogen: 311 kg ha-1 year-1). Production in crops associated with legumes has increased by up to 50%. Despite the benefits to soil and production, the acceptance and adoption of legumes has been limited by different causes, among them: lack of perception of the benefits of legumes, failures in the technology generated and applied, and scarce participatory approach in their selection. With the information generated in this work, 10 recommendations were conceived to facilitate the selection of species, provide information that facilitates their adoption and that serves as a basis for future studies.

Keyword Group [xml:lang=en]

Title: Keywords:

Keyword: vegetation cover

Keyword: degradation

Keyword: organic matter

Keyword: nitrogen

Counts

Figure Count [count=0]

Table Count [count=3]

Equation Count [count=0]

Reference Count [count=48]

Page Count [count=11]

Abstract

An alternative to enhance the fertility of agricultural soils in tropical areas of Mexico and the world is through the use of vegetation covers and green manures, mainly of species of the family Leguminosae. The objective of this work was to analyze the potential of legumes as soil fertility enhancers in tropical agricultural areas through the documentary research technique, considering scientific research of the last 20 years, period 2000-2023. Derived from the review, 14 species widely studied and 24 more, with high potential as enhancers of the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, were determined. The species most used in the tropics are: Mucuna pruriens L. (DC) (biomass: 2.6 to 7.9 t ha-1 year-1, N: 80 to 200 kg ha-1 year-1), Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC (biomass: 4.6 t ha-1 year-1; N: 173 kg ha-1 year-1) and Centrosema macrocarpum Benth (biomass: 9.6 t ha-1 year-1, nitrogen: 311 kg ha-1 year-1). Production in crops associated with legumes has increased by up to 50%. Despite the benefits to soil and production, the acceptance and adoption of legumes has been limited by different causes, among them: lack of perception of the benefits of legumes, failures in the technology generated and applied, and scarce participatory approach in their selection. With the information generated in this work, 10 recommendations were conceived to facilitate the selection of species, provide information that facilitates their adoption and that serves as a basis for future studies.

Keywords:

vegetation cover, degradation, organic matter, nitrogen

Introduction

Soil fertility is a broad concept that integrates the chemical, physical and biological attributes associated with its ability to generate benefits to the environment and human societies (Etchevers et al., 2022). When these attributes are affected, soil fertility can be reduced and soil can be degraded, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines soil degradation as the changes in its characteristics that affect its functions and cause the reduction of agroecosystem yields (FAO-ITPS, 2021).

Degradation caused by inadequate management practices generates loss of soil fertility, considered the most serious problem because it limits the purpose of food security and adaptation to climate variability, which influence conditions of poverty and rural migration by preventing soils from providing goods and services in the expected way (Cotler et al., 2017; Estrada-Herrera et al., 2017). The use of cover crops represents an alternative to enhance the fertility of degraded tropical soils, by incorporating organic matter into the soil (OMS) that enhances its characteristics (Prager et al., 2012). The species most used for this purpose belong to the family Leguminosae for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen to the soil (Mpai et al., 2016).

Although there is ample information on the potential of legumes as enhancers of soil properties, there is a need to collect data on tropical species to make it easier for producers and regional and local programs to select the most appropriate for their use. The objective of this work was to document research conducted in Mexico and other regions of the world on the use of the legume species most frequently used for their potential to enhance soil fertility in tropical agricultural areas.

Methodology

In this review we searched the following repositories; ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc and Google Scholar for the period 2000-2023, using keywords such as: tropical legume species, crop association, cover crops, green manures, biomass production, soil fertility, soil degradation. The searches prioritized research of scientific papers, obtaining just over 200 results, from which a total of 65 studies that had greater relevance in the subject were selected.

Results and discussion

Soil fertility associated with vegetation cover in tropical regions

The vegetation cover plays a very important role in the ecosystems of tropical zones because it enhances the level of nutrients of the surface soil, which allows plants to exploit the deepest nutrient reserves, recover leachates, provide organic remains that are deposited on the surface, benefiting microorganisms that contribute to their incorporation (Isaac and Nair, 2006; Alegre et al., 2015). The vegetation cover protects the stability of surface aggregates against the destructive action of rain (Matías et al., 2020).

The removal and burning of forest cover, a common practice in the soils of the Yucatán Peninsula, decreases the production of organic residues. The problem of soil quality deterioration worsens because an important part of soil fertility is maintained by nutrient recycling (Alegre et al., 2015). Given the evident decrease in nutrients observed in tropical soils, there is currently a trend towards more rational use of soil, based on conservation principles that contribute to obtaining maximum yields with minimum degradation.

Use of green covers as soil fertility enhancers

As a consequence of the loss of soil fertility, it is relevant to develop projects that identify and evaluate the factors that govern the process to help to mitigate it. Currently, there are technologies that allow reducing the depletion of soil nutrients, among which are: conservation agriculture, minimum tillage, the use of organic amendments, residue management, agroforestry techniques, crop rotation and the use of green manures and vegetation covers (Halbrendt et al., 2014; Delgado, 2017).

‘Green covers’, a term defined by Anderson et al. (1997), are live vegetation covers that cover the soil, temporarily or permanently, grown in association with other plants (intercropped, in relay or in rotation). Their use is a way to increase the productivity of agricultural soils and reduce their degradation. According to Delgado (2017), their use has a positive correlation with soil porosity, moisture content, bulk density, temperature regulation and with keeping soil particles cohesive. Although cover crops can belong to any plant family, most are legumes, as they have a high capacity to enhance soil conditions by recycling nutrients, symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and control of undesirable vegetation (Mpai et al., 2016).

Importance of legumes to increase soil fertility

The use of legumes in systems is recognized for their ability to recover soil fertility (Prager et al., 2012; Mpai et al., 2016). Improvements in the quality of a soil depend on its properties, climatic conditions and management practices adopted (Sánchez et al., 2019). In warm regions, legumes have been used because they favor the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobia (Wang and Sainju, 2014), an element frequently deficient in them.

In tropical agricultural systems, legumes represent a substantial source of nitrogen (N) product of symbiotic fixation (Douxchamps et al., 2014). The N they fix is readily available for associated crops, via residue mineralization, as it contains higher concentration of N and a lower carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio than grasses Legumes decompose rapidly, providing N to subsequent crops and when legumes contain tannins, it may be available up to 90 days after incorporation (Mulvaney et al., 2009; Wang and Sainju, 2014).

In addition to providing N, legumes incorporate biomass (carbon) into the soil, as well as nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium (Guzmán et al., 2008). The legumes here called tropical can develop in various conditions, so it is necessary to select the most suitable species for specific conditions, considering the edaphoclimatic situation of the establishment site, which would help to obtain greater success in their introduction.

Species of tropical legumes most used as green manures

As a result of this research, Table 1 was made, which shows 14 species of legumes with significant contributions of biomass and nitrogen to the soil. The species of Mucuna sp. and Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC are the most used because they have high biomass yields (Kaizzi et al., 2006). Puertas et al. (2008) recommend using Centrosema macrocarpum Benth to enhance soil fertility due to its ability to provide nutrients to the soil (N 311 kg ha-1, P 25 kg ha-1, K 155 kg ha-1) and to produce a considerable amount of biomass (9.61 t ha-1). Species such as Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) can produce approximately 20 t ha-1 year-1 of biomass, contributing about 358 kg ha-1 of N, 28 kg ha-1 of P, 232 kg ha-1 of K and 144 kg ha-1 of Ca (Bossa et al., 2005). The rate of nitrogen fixation is variable depending on the species and management.

Table 1

Biomass (t ha-1 year-1) and nitrogen fixed to the soil (kg ha-1 year-1) by legume species in the tropics and subtropics.

Species Place of establishment Biomass (t ha-1 year-1) Fixed nitrogen (kg ha-1 year-1) Source
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Port-au-Prince, Haiti 20 to 35 388 Bossa et al.(2005)
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Yucatán, Mexico NE* 23.2 Terán et al.(1998)
Crotalaria juncea L. Hawaii, USA 7 150-165 Rotar and Joy (1983)
Alabama, USA 5.9 126 Reeves et al. (1996)
Mucuna pruriens L. (DC) Eastern Uganda 2.6 to 7.9 80 to 200 Kaizzi et al. (2006)
Mucuna sp. Yucatán, Mexico 5.4 43.4 Castillo et al. (2010)
Phaseolus lunatus L. (long cycle) Yucatán, Mexico 5.7 52.9
Phaseolus lunatus L.(short cycle) Yucatán, Mexico 3.15 31.9
Phaseolus vulgaris L. Veracruz, Mexico 2.71 to 8.26 14.72 to 113 Díaz et al. (2017)
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. San Martín, Peru 4.59 173.68 Puertas et al. (2008)
Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg Tabasco, Mexico 5.07 130.38 Vera-Núñez et al. (2008) Puertas et al. (2008)
Calopogonium mucunoides (L.) Tabasco, Mexico 5.93 189.16
Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. San Martín, Peru 9.61 311.21
Clitoria ternatea L. Veracruz, Mexico NE* 26.104 Díaz et al. (2017)
Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp. Tabasco, Mexico NE* 230 Vera-Núñez et al. (2008)

[i] *No data.

Table 2 presents 24 species with potential for use as soil enhancers and that currently have some alternative use, a characteristic that can benefit them and help their use. These species can be useful as a reference for experimental trials in tropical regions of Mexico and other countries.

Table 2

Potential legume species for use as agricultural soil enhancers in the tropical areas of Mexico.

Species Annual Perennial Use Source
Edible Forage Grass Live fence
Aeschynomene americana L. x x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. x x Mireles et al. (2020)
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Arachis hypogaea L. x x x Montero (2020)
Calapogonium sp. x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. x x Crespo et al. (2011)
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. x x Chel-Guerrero et al. (2016)
Chamaecrista kunthiana(Schltdl. & Cham.)H.S. Irwin & Barneby x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Desmodium ovalifolium (L.) DC. x x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb x x Pinto-Ruiz et al. (2010)
Erythrina glauca Willd x x Pinto-Ruiz et al. (2010)
Leucaena diversifolia Benth x x Pinto-Ruiz et al. (2010)
Macroptilium atropurpureum (Moc. & Sesse ex DC.) x x x Alatorre-Hernández et al. (2018)
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) x x x x Echo community (2017)
Mucuna bracteata DC. x x Díaz-Vergara et al. (2020)
Neonotonia wightii (Arn.) J.A. Lackey x x x López-Vigoa et al. (2019)
Phaseolus acutifolius x x Alatorre-Hernández et al. (2018)
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth x x x x Pinto-Ruiz et al. (2010)
Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) x x Ribeiro and Antoniol (2021)
Sesbania rostrata S. x x x x Muñiz et al. (2012)
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek x x x Miquilena and Higuera (2012)
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. x x Miquilena and Higuera (2012)
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) x x x Miquilena and Higuera (2012)
Lablab prurpureus (L). Sweet x x x x Beltrán et al. (2005)

Effect of the use of legume species as soil enhancers on the production of crops of interest

The introduction of legumes associated with different tropical crops has changed conventional practices, becoming a technology that promotes soil conservation and increases crop yields (Erenstein, 2002). This review collected results of the use of legumes in the production of crops of interest (Table 3). The association of legume crops as soil enhancers increased the production of the associated crop under traditional management up to 50%. In some of these studies, the results were observed in the second or third year after the use of legumes.

Table 3

Effect on the establishment of legumes and different crops.

Legume species Associated crop Crop yield Place of establishment Source
Mucuna pruriens L. Zea mays L. 1 076 kg ha-1 year-1 Oaxaca, Mexico Serrano et al. (2006)
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) and Mucuna pruriens L. Zea mays L. 1 477 kg ha-1 year-1 Yucatán, Mexico Ayala et al. (2008)
Mucuna pruriens L. and Crotalaria juncea Zea mays L. 2 570 kg ha-1 year-1 Isabela, Puerto Rico Martínez-Mera et al. (2016)
Mucuna sp. Zea mays L. 1 819 kg ha-1 year-1 Yucatán, Mexico Castillo et al. (2010)
Sesbania rostrata S. Oryza sativa L. Increase of 1 000 kg ha-1 year-1 Havana, Cuba Muñiz et al. (2012)
Crotalaria juncea L. Manihot esculenta Crantz 13 026 kg ha-1 year-1 fresh weight Tabasco, Mexico Magaña et al. (2020)

Castro-Rincón et al. (2018) reported studies conducted in several countries; for example, in studies carried out with rice in Brazil, it was found that, in the treatments with green manures of legumes, they increased the production by 18% to 20% with respect to the control. In the same study, it is reported that, in Uganda, 50 to 60% higher maize grain and bean yields were observed when using green manures. The results suggest that the yields obtained were due to the inclusion of legumes.

Transfer of technologies for the adoption and use of legumes

The studies described in this review show that it is possible to enhance soil fertility and that the benefits of using species of the legume genus are scientifically and clearly demonstrated. Nevertheless, the adoption and use of green manures by producers has not been entirely positive. In the study conducted by Castro-Rincón et al. (2018), they found that producers’ adoption of the technology has been low due to the following reasons: 1) producers’ lack of perception of legume benefits; 2) failures in the technology generated and applied; and 3) lack of a participatory approach in research and dissemination processes. Another limitation is the high cost of seeds and the difficulty of obtaining a synchrony between the release of the nutrients contained in these plants and the demand of the main crop (Resende et al., 2001).

The species to be used as soil fertility enhancer must be adapted to the farmer’s production system, have low implantation cost, be resistant to pests and fast growing (Sodré et al., 2004). Zhang et al. (2013) recommend the use of native herbaceous and shrub species that are adaptable to the ecological conditions of the site. Hand in hand with technical recommendations, public policies should be developed for the implementation and development of projects that promote the development and use of technologies aimed at reversing soil degradation, efforts should be aimed at generating technologies or applying existing ones to reverse actions that have degraded the soil (Etchevers et al., 2022).

Conclusions

The use of legumes in cultivation systems, in addition to providing N, helps to reduce erosion and enhance the physical (structure, porosity, bulk density, moisture retention), chemical (availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and biological (increase in microbial activity) properties of the soil. Due to their high potential, tropical legume species represent an alternative to enhance soil fertility.

It was determined that the species most used for their effectiveness in tropical areas of Mexico and other parts of the world are: Mucuna pruriens L. (DC), Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. There are also shrub and tree species that can fix up to 300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N, such as Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.), which can be used within silvopastoral systems or in combination with other species of commercial interest.

Although there is enough scientific information that highlights the benefits of using legumes for the soil, it is necessary to have more studies that focus on the associations of legumes with other crops to avoid competition with the crop of interest, to know in detail the edaphoclimatic requirements of the species to be used for this purpose, to know more about its phenological cycle and its growth habit. The dissemination of the information on the advantages of using legumes aimed at producers in tropical areas in Mexico is scarce, there is a need for dissemination with a participatory approach that considers specific needs. Insufficient information limits the adoption of the use of legumes as soil enhancers in the Mexican tropics.

To achieve the adoption of the use of vegetation covers, it is recommended to highlight the secondary benefits of introducing these species, that it has a low cost of implementation, because they are species of the region and easy to manage. The information obtained in this review may help future research in the selection of legumes because of their high potential to enhance soil fertility in tropical regions.

Bibliography

1 

Alatorre-Hernández, A.; Guerrero-Rodríguez, J. D. Olvera-Hernández, J. I. Aceves-Ruíz, E. y Vaquera-Huerta, H. 2018. Leguminosas forrajeras herbáceas de enredadera, recursos poco valorados en el trópico seco. Rev. Fitotec. Mex. 41(4):403-411.

A. Alatorre-Hernández J. D. Guerrero-Rodríguez J. I. Olvera-Hernández E. Aceves-Ruíz H. Vaquera-Huerta 2018Leguminosas forrajeras herbáceas de enredadera, recursos poco valorados en el trópico secoRev. Fitotec. Mex414403411

 

Alegre, J.; García, S.; Vega, R. y Arévalo, Y. 2015. Manual reciclaje de nutrientes en sistemas agroforestales. La Moilina-Lima. ResearchGate. 25 p. Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17646.72003.

J. Alegre S. García R. Vega Y Arévalo 2015Manual reciclaje de nutrientes en sistemas agroforestalesLa Moilina-LimaResearchGate25 p10.13140/RG.2.2.17646.72003

 

Anderson, S.; Ferraes, N.; Gundel, S.; Keane, B. y Pound, B. 1997. Cultivos de Cobertura: componentes de sistemas integrados. Taller Regional Latinoamericano. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Mérida, Yucatán, México. 4-116 pp.

S. Anderson N. Ferraes S. Gundel B. Keane B. Pound 1997Cultivos de Cobertura: componentes de sistemas integrados. Taller Regional LatinoamericanoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMérida, Yucatán, México4116

 

Ayala, S. A.; Krishnamurthy, L. y Basulto, G. J. A. 2008. Leguminosas de cobertura para mejorar y sostener la productividad de maíz en el sur de Yucatán. Terra Latinoam. 27(1):63-69.

S. A. Ayala L. Krishnamurthy G. J. A Basulto 2008Leguminosas de cobertura para mejorar y sostener la productividad de maíz en el sur de YucatánTerra Latinoam2716369

 

Beltrán-Morales, F. A.; García-Hernández, J. L.; Valdez-Cepeda, R. D.; Murillo-Amador, B.; Troyo-Dieguez, E.; Larrinaga-Mayoral, J.; Ruiz-Espinoza, F. H.; Fenech-Larios, L. y García-Rodríguez, F. 2005. Sistemas de labranza, incorporación de abono verde y recuperación de la fertilidad de un yermosol háplico. Terra Latinoam. 23(3):381-387

F. A. Beltrán-Morales J. L. García-Hernández R. D. Valdez-Cepeda B. Murillo-Amador E. Troyo-Dieguez J. Larrinaga-Mayoral F. H. Ruiz-Espinoza L. Fenech-Larios F García-Rodríguez 2005Sistemas de labranza, incorporación de abono verde y recuperación de la fertilidad de un yermosol háplicoTerra Latinoam233381387

 

Bossa, J. R.; Adams, J. F.; Shannon, D. A. and Mullins, G. L. 2005. Phosphorus and potassium release pattern from leucaena leaves in three environments of Haiti. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 73 (1):25-35.

J. R. Bossa J. F. Adams D. A. Shannon G. L Mullins 2005Phosphorus and potassium release pattern from leucaena leaves in three environments of HaitiNutr. Cycl. Agroecosys7312535

 

Castillo, C. J. B.; Caamal-Maldonado, J. A.; Jiménez-Osornio, J. J. M.; Bautista-Zúñiga, F.; Amaya-Castro, M. J. y Rodríguez-Carrillo, R. 2010. Evaluación de tres leguminosas como coberturas asociadas con maíz en el trópico subhúmedo. Agron. Mesoam. 21(1):39-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v21i1.4910.

C. J. B. Castillo J. A. Caamal-Maldonado J. J. M. Jiménez-Osornio F. Bautista-Zúñiga M. J. Amaya-Castro R. Rodríguez-Carrillo 2010Evaluación de tres leguminosas como coberturas asociadas con maíz en el trópico subhúmedoAgron. Mesoam211395010.15517/am.v21i1.4910

 

Castro-Rincón, E.; Mojica-Rodríguez, J. E.; Carulla-Fornaguera, J. E. y Lascano-Aguilar, C. E. 2018. Abonos verdes de leguminosas: integración en sistemas agrícolas y ganaderas del trópico. Agron. Mesoam. 29(3):711-729. Doi: 10.15517/ma.v29i3.31612.

E. Castro-Rincón J. E. Mojica-Rodríguez J. E. Carulla-Fornaguera C. E Lascano-Aguilar 2018Abonos verdes de leguminosas: integración en sistemas agrícolas y ganaderas del trópicoAgron. Mesoam29371172910.15517/ma.v29i3.31612

 

Chel-Guerrero, L. A.; Delgado-Herrera, A.; Betancur-Ancona, D. A.; Pérez-Aviña, P. y Castellanos-Ruelas, A. F. 2016. Evaluación proteínica y energética de semillas tratadas de Canavalia empleadas como alimento para aves en el trópico. Nova Sci. 8(17):219-232.

L. A. Chel-Guerrero A. Delgado-Herrera D. A. Betancur-Ancona P. Pérez-Aviña A. F Castellanos-Ruelas 2016Evaluación proteínica y energética de semillas tratadas de Canavalia empleadas como alimento para aves en el trópicoNova Sci817219232

 

Cotler, A. H. y Cuevas, F. Ma. L. 2017. Estrategias de conservación de suelos en agroecosistemas de México. Fundación Río Arronte, IAP. 1a Ed. Ciudad de México. 114 p.

A. H. Cotler F. Ma. L Cuevas 2017Estrategias de conservación de suelos en agroecosistemas de MéxicoFundación Río Arronte, IAP1a EdCiudad de México114 p

 

Crespo, Z. M.; Rodríguez, A. A.; Valencia, E. C. y Randel, P. F. 2011. Características agronómicas y composición química de tres leguminosas arbustivas: Cratylia Argentea (Desv.) Kuntze, Calliandra Calothyrsus meisn y Leucaena Leucocephala (lam.) De Wit, J. Agrie. Univ. RR. 95(1-2):99-104. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v95i1-2.2552.

Z. M. Crespo A. A. Rodríguez E. C. Valencia P. F. Randel 2011Características agronómicas y composición química de tres leguminosas arbustivas: Cratylia Argentea (Desv.) Kuntze, Calliandra Calothyrsus meisn y Leucaena Leucocephala (lam.) De WitJ. Agrie. Univ. RR951-29910410.46429/jaupr.v95i1-2.2552

 

Delgado, D. M. 2017. Aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas para la recuperación de propiedades físicas del suelo asociadas a la erosión hídrica. Lámpsakos. 1(17):77-83.. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/21454086.1907.

D. M Delgado 2017Aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas para la recuperación de propiedades físicas del suelo asociadas a la erosión hídricaLámpsakos117778310.21501/21454086.1907

 

Díaz, P. L. A.; Vázquez, L. D.; Jarquín, S. A.; Velázquez, S. A. y Lara, R. D. A. 2017. Especies tropicales (Fabaceae): inversión asociada al aporte rizosférico de nitrógeno y fósforo al suelo. Agro productividad. 10(12):116-120.

P. L. A. Díaz L. D. Vázquez S. A. Jarquín S. A. Velázquez R. D. A Lara 2017Especies tropicales (Fabaceae): inversión asociada al aporte rizosférico de nitrógeno y fósforo al sueloAgro productividad1012116120

 

Díaz, V. M.; Díaz, O. N. y Osorio, B. O. 2020. Biodiversidad y servicios ecológicos de las arvenses en el cultivo de tomate en la provincia de Los Santos República de Panamá. Visión Antataura. 4(2):16-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.48204/j.vian.v4n2a2.

V. M. Díaz O. N. Díaz B. O Osorio 2020Biodiversidad y servicios ecológicos de las arvenses en el cultivo de tomate en la provincia de Los Santos República de PanamáVisión Antataura42163410.48204/j.vian.v4n2a2

 

Douxchamps, S.; Rao, I. M.; Peters, M.; Van-Der-Hoek, R.; Schmidt, A.; Martens, S.; Polania, J.; Mena, M. A.; Binder, C. R.; Schöll, R.; Quintero, M.; Kreuzer, M.; Frossard, E. and. Oberson, A. 2014. Farm-scale tradeoffs between legume use as forage versus green manure: the case of Canavalia brasiliensis. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 38(1):25-45.. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.828667.

S. Douxchamps I. M. Rao M. Peters R. Van-Der-Hoek A. Schmidt S. Martens J. Polania M. A. Mena C. R. Binder R. Schöll M. Quintero M. Kreuzer a Frossard 2014Farm-scale tradeoffs between legume use as forage versus green manure: the case of Canavalia brasiliensisAgroecol. Sustain. Food Syst381254510.1080/21683565.2013.828667

 

Echo community. 2017. Buenas prácticas. Selección de leguminosas como abono verde/cultivos de cobertura. Echo Development Notes. North Fort Myers, Florida 33917. USA. Boletín Núm. 7. 18 p. https://www.echocommunity.org/es/resources/f9596754-bd6d-4895-a4de-4bc77de91728.

Echo community 2017Buenas prácticas. Selección de leguminosas como abono verde/cultivos de coberturaEcho Development NotesNorth Fort Myers, Florida 33917. USABoletín Núm718 phttps://www.echocommunity.org/es/resources/f9596754-bd6d-4895-a4de-4bc77de91728

 

Erenstein, O. 2002. Crop residue mulching in tropical and semi-tropical countries: an evaluation of residue availability and other technological implications. Soil Tillage Res. 67(2):115-133. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00062-4.

O Erenstein 2002Crop residue mulching in tropical and semi-tropical countries: an evaluation of residue availability and other technological implicationsSoil Tillage Res67211513310.1016/S0167-1987(02)00062-4

 

Estrada-Herrera, I. R.; Hidalgo-Moreno, C.; Guzmán-Plazola, R.; Almaráz-Suárez, J. J.; Navarro-Garza, H.; Etchevers-Barra, J. D. 2017. Indicadores de calidad de suelo para evaluar su fertilidad. Agrociencia. 51(8):813-831.

I. R. Estrada-Herrera C. Hidalgo-Moreno R. Guzmán-Plazola J. J. Almaráz-Suárez H. Navarro-Garza J. D Etchevers-Barra 2017Indicadores de calidad de suelo para evaluar su fertilidadAgrociencia518813831

 

Etchevers, J. D.; Hidalgo, M.C. y Paz, P. F. 2022. Degradación de suelos y necesidad de políticas públicas. Elementos para políticas públicas. 3(3):267-273

J. D. Etchevers M.C. Hidalgo P. F Paz 2022Degradación de suelos y necesidad de políticas públicasElementos para políticas públicas33267273

 

FAO-ITPS. 2021. Recarbonizing global soils-A technical manual of recommended management practices. Volume 1: Introduction and methodology. Rome, FAO. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6386en.

FAO ITPS 2021Recarbonizing global soils-A technical manual of recommended management practicesVolume 1Introduction and methodologyRomeFAO10.4060/cb6386en

 

Guzmán, C. G. I. y Alonso, M. A. M. 2008. Buenas prácticas en producción ecológica. Uso de abonos verdes. Centro de investigación y formación en agricultura ecológica y desarrollo rural. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Camino del Jan, s/n 18320 Santa Fe Granada, España.22p. ISBN:978-84-491-0867-9.

C. G. I. Guzmán M. A. M Alonso 2008Buenas prácticas en producción ecológica. Uso de abonos verdesCentro de investigación y formación en agricultura ecológica y desarrollo ruralMinisterio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y MarinoCamino del Jan, s/n 18320 Santa Fe Granada, España22p:978-84-491-0867-9

 

Halbrendt, C. J.; Kimura, A. H.; Gray, S. A.; Radovich T., J. K.; Reed, B. B. and Tamang, B. B. 2014. Implications of conservation agriculture for men’s and women’s workloads among marginalized farmers in the Central Middle Hills of Nepal. Mt. Res. Dev. 34(3):214-222. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-13-00083.1.

C. J. Halbrendt A. H. Kimura S. A. Gray J. K. Radovich T. B. B. Reed B. B Tamang 2014Implications of conservation agriculture for men’s and women’s workloads among marginalized farmers in the Central Middle Hills of NepalMt. Res. Dev34321422210.1659/mrd-journal-d-13-00083.1

 

Isaac, S. R. and Nair, M. A. 2006. Litter dynamics of six multipurpose trees in a homegarden in Southern Kerala, India. J. Agrofor. Syst. 67 (3):203-213.. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-005-1107-3.

S. R. Isaac M. A Nair 2006Litter dynamics of six multipurpose trees in a homegarden in Southern Kerala, IndiaJ. Agrofor. Syst67320321310.1007/s10457-005-1107-3

 

Kaizzi, C. K.; Ssali, H. and Vlek, P. L. G. 2006. Differential use and benefits of Velvet vean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) and N fertilizers in maize production in contrasting agro-ecological zones of E. Uganda. Agric. Syst. 88(1):44-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003.

C. K. Kaizzi H. Ssali P. L. G. Vlek 2006Differential use and benefits of Velvet vean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) and N fertilizers in maize production in contrasting agro-ecological zones of E. UgandaAgric. Syst881446010.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003

 

López-Vigoa, O.; Lamela-López, L.; Sánchez-Santana, T.; Olivera-Castro, Y.; García-López, R.; Herrera-Villafranca, M. y González-Ronquillo, M. 2019. Evaluación del valor nutricional de los forrajes en un sistema silvopastoril. Pastos y Forrajes. 42(1):57-67.

O. López-Vigoa L. Lamela-López T. Sánchez-Santana Y. Olivera-Castro R. García-López M. Herrera-Villafranca M González-Ronquillo 2019Evaluación del valor nutricional de los forrajes en un sistema silvopastorilPastos y Forrajes4215767

 

Magaña, V. W.; Obrador, O. J.; García, L. E.; Castelán, E. M. y Carrillo, Á. E. 2020. Rendimiento comparativo de la yuca bajo fertilización mineral y abono verde. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. 11(6):1259-1271.

V. W. Magaña O. J. Obrador L. E. García E. M. Castelán Á. E Carrillo 2020Rendimiento comparativo de la yuca bajo fertilización mineral y abono verdeRev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc11612591271

 

Martínez-Mera, C. E.; Valencia, E. y Cuevas, E. H. 2016. Evaluación del rendimiento de maíz dulce (Zea mays 'Suresweet') con las leguminosas cobertoras mucuna enana (Mucuna pruriens) y crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea “Tropic Sun”) en un Oxisol de Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico. 1. J. Agric. 00(l):57-70

C. E. Martínez-Mera E. Valencia E. H Cuevas 2016Evaluación del rendimiento de maíz dulce (Zea mays 'Suresweet') con las leguminosas cobertoras mucuna enana (Mucuna pruriens) y crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea “Tropic Sun”) en un Oxisol de Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico. 1J. Agricl5770

 

Matías, R. M.; Gómez, D. J. D.; Monterroso, R. A. I.; Uribe, G. M.; Villar, H. B de J.; Ruíz, G. P. y Asencio, G. C. 2020. Factores que influyen en la erosión hídrica del suelo en un bosque templado. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Forest. 11(59):51-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v11i59.673.

R. M. Matías D. J. D. Gómez R. A. I. Monterroso G. M. Uribe H. B de J. Villar G. P. Ruíz G. C Asencio 2020Factores que influyen en la erosión hídrica del suelo en un bosque templadoRev. Mex. Cienc. Forest1159517110.29298/rmcf.v11i59.673

 

Miquilena, L. E. y Higuera, M. A.. 2012. Evaluación del contenido de proteína, minerales y perfil de aminoácidos en harinas de Cajanus cajan, Vigna unguiculata y Vigna radiata para su uso en la alimentación humana. Rev. Científica UDO Agrícola. 12(3):730-740.

L. E. Miquilena M. A. Higuera 2012Evaluación del contenido de proteína, minerales y perfil de aminoácidos en harinas de Cajanus cajan, Vigna unguiculata y Vigna radiata para su uso en la alimentación humanaRev. Científica UDO Agrícola123730740

 

Mireles, F. S.; Ly, C. J. Caro, R. Y. and Grageola, N. F. 2020. Foliage of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth for feeding pigs. 1. Indices of consumption pattern and productive behavior. Rev. Bio Cienc. 7(1)::1-10. Dio: https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.07.e940.

F. S. Mireles C. J. Ly R. Y. Caro N. F Grageola 2020Foliage of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth for feeding pigs. 1. Indices of consumption pattern and productive behaviorRev. Bio Cienc111010.15741/revbio.07.e940

 

Montero, T. J. 2020. Importancia nutricional y económica del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.). Rev. de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales. 7(2):112-124.

T. J Montero 2020Importancia nutricional y económica del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.)Rev. de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales72112124

 

Mpai, T. P.; Jaiswal, S. K. and Dakora, F. D. 2016. Biological nitrogen fixation and molecular diversity of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of wild legumes: Polhilia, Wiborgia and Wiborgiella species of the South African Cape fynbos. South Afr. J. Bot. 103 (1):336.. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.122.

T. P. Mpai S. K. Jaiswal F. D Dakora 2016Biological nitrogen fixation and molecular diversity of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of wild legumes: Polhilia, Wiborgia and Wiborgiella species of the South African Cape fynbosSouth Afr. J. Bot103110.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.122

 

Mulvaney, R. L.; Khan, S. A. and Ellsworth, T. R. 2009. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: a global dilemma for sustainable cereal production. J. Environ. Qual. 38 (6):2295-2314.. doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0527.

R. L. Mulvaney S. A. Khan T. R Ellsworth 2009Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: a global dilemma for sustainable cereal productionJ. Environ. Qual3862295231410.2134/jeq2008.0527

 

Muñiz, U. O.; Cabello, M. R.; Socorro, Q. M.; Nuviola, M. A. y Dueñas, V. G. 2012. La Sesbania Rostrata como fuente alternativa de nutrientes en el cultivo del arroz. Spanish J. Soil Sci. 12(2):57-62. Doi: 10.3232/SJSS.2012.V2.N3.06.

U. O. Muñiz M. R. Cabello Q. M. Socorro M. A. Nuviola V. G Dueñas 2012La Sesbania Rostrata como fuente alternativa de nutrientes en el cultivo del arrozSpanish J. Soil Sci122576210.3232/SJSS.2012.V2.N3.06

 

Pinto-Ruiz, R.; Hernández, S. D.; Gómez, C. H.; Cobos, M. A.; Quiroga, M. R. y Pezo, D. A.. 2010. Árboles forrajeros de tres regiones ganaderas de Chiapas, México: usos y características nutricionales. Universidad y Ciencia. Trópico Húmedo. 26(1):19-31.

R. Pinto-Ruiz S. D. Hernández C. H. Gómez M. A. Cobos M. R. Quiroga D. A. Pezo 2010Árboles forrajeros de tres regiones ganaderas de Chiapas, México: usos y características nutricionalesUniversidad y Ciencia. Trópico Húmedo2611931

 

Prager, M. S.; Sanclemente R. , O. E.; Sánchez, P. M.; Gallego, J. M. y Ángel, D. I. 2012. Abonos verdes: tecnología para el manejo agroecológico de los cultivos. Agroecología. 7(1):53-62.

M. S. Prager O. E. Sanclemente R. P. M. Sánchez J. M. Gallego D. I Ángel 2012Abonos verdes: tecnología para el manejo agroecológico de los cultivosAgroecología715362

 

Puertas, R. F.; Arévalo, G. E.; Zúñiga, C. L.; Alegre, J. C.; Loli, F. O.; Soplin, V. H. y Baligar, V. C. 2008. Establecimiento de cultivos de cobertura y extracción total de nutrientes en el suelo de trópico húmedo en la Amazonía peruana. Ecología Aplicada. 7(1-2):23-28.

R. F. Puertas G. E. Arévalo C. L. Zúñiga J. C. Alegre F. O. Loli V. H. Soplin V. C Baligar 2008Establecimiento de cultivos de cobertura y extracción total de nutrientes en el suelo de trópico húmedo en la Amazonía peruanaEcología Aplicada71-22328

 

Reeves, D. W.; Mansoer, Z. Z. and Wood, C. W. 1996. Suitability of sun hemp as an alternative legume cover crop. Proceedings of the New Technology and Conservation Tillage. 96(7):125-130.

D. W. Reeves Z. Z. Mansoer C. W Wood 1996Suitability of sun hemp as an alternative legume cover cropProceedings of the New Technology and Conservation Tillage967125130

 

Resende, A. S.; Quesada, D. M.; Xavier, R. P.; Guerra, J. G. M.; Boddey, R. M.; Alves, B. J. A. and Urquiaga, S. E.. 2001. Uso de leguminosas para adubação verde: importância da relação talo/ folha. Agronomia. 35(1-2):77-82.

A. S. Resende D. M. Quesada R. P. Xavier J. G. M. Guerra R. M. Boddey B. J. A. Alves S. E. Urquiaga 2001Uso de leguminosas para adubação verde: importância da relação talo/ folhaAgronomia351-27782

 

Ribeiro, M. R. and Antoniol, F. J. R. 2021. Trocas gasosas de Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth submetida à variação da temperatura foliar. Circular Técnica. 82 (1):1-12.

M. R. Ribeiro F. J. R Antoniol 2021Trocas gasosas de Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth submetida à variação da temperatura foliarCircular Técnica821112

 

Rotar, P. P. and Joy, R. J. 1983. Tropic Sun sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L. research extension. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. 2(36): 1-7.

P. P. Rotar R. J Joy 1983Tropic Sun sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L. research extensionCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA23617

 

Sánchez, N. V.; Zornoza, B. R..; Faz, C. A. and Fernández, A. J. 2019. Comparing legumes for use in multiple cropping to enhance soil organic carbon, soil fertility, aggregates stability and vegetables yields under semi-arid conditions. Sci. Hortic. 246 (1):835-841.. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.065.

N. V. Sánchez B. R.. Zornoza C. A. Faz A. J Fernández 2019Comparing legumes for use in multiple cropping to enhance soil organic carbon, soil fertility, aggregates stability and vegetables yields under semi-arid conditionsSci. Hortic246183584110.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.065

 

Serrano, A. V. y Cano, G. M. A. 2006. Leguminosas de cobertura para reducir la erosión y mejorar la fertilidad de suelo de ladera. Terra Latinoam. 25(4):427-435.

A. V. Serrano G. M. A Cano 2006Leguminosas de cobertura para reducir la erosión y mejorar la fertilidad de suelo de laderaTerra Latinoam254427435

 

Sodré, F. J.; Cardoso, A. N.; Carmona, R. and Carvalho, A. M. 2004. Fitomassa e cobertura do solo de culturas de sucessão ao milho na Região do Cerrado. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 39(4):327-334. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2004000400005.

F. J. Sodré A. N. Cardoso R. Carmona A. M Carvalho 2004Fitomassa e cobertura do solo de culturas de sucessão ao milho na Região do CerradoPesqui. Agropecu. Bras39432733410.1590/S0100-204X2004000400005

 

Terán, C. S.; Rasmussen, H. C. y May, C. O. 1998. Las plantas de la milpa entre los mayas. Ed. Fundación Tunben Kin, AC. Mérida, Yucatán, México. ISBN: 9709206001; 9789709206005. 278 p.

C. S. Terán H. C. Rasmussen C. O May 1998Las plantas de la milpa entre los mayasEd. Fundación Tunben Kin, ACMérida, Yucatán, México97092060019789709206005278 p

 

Vera-Núñez, J. A.; Infante-Santiago, J. P.; Velasco-Velasco, V.; Salgado-García, S.; Palma-López, D. J.; Grageda-Cabrera, O. A.; Cárdenas-Navarro, R. and Peña-Cabriales, J. J. 2008. Influence of fertilization on biological nitrogen fixation in herbaceous legumes grown in acid savannah soil from the Tabasco state, Mexico. J. Sustain. Agric. 3 (3):25-42.. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v31n03_04.

J. A. Vera-Núñez J. P. Infante-Santiago V. Velasco-Velasco S. Salgado-García D. J. Palma-López O. A. Grageda-Cabrera R. Cárdenas-Navarro J. J Peña-Cabriales 2008Influence of fertilization on biological nitrogen fixation in herbaceous legumes grown in acid savannah soil from the Tabasco state, MexicoJ. Sustain. Agric33254210.1300/J064v31n03_04

 

Wang, J. and Sainju, U. M. 2014. Soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and crop yields affected by residue placement and crop types. Plos One. 9(8) 1-11:. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105039.

J. Wang U. M Sainju 2014Soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and crop yields affected by residue placement and crop typesPlos One9811110.1371/journal.pone.0105039

 

Zhang, Z. Y.; Wan, C. Y.; Zheng, Z. W.; Hu, L.; Feng, K.; Chang, J. B and Ping, X. 2013. Plant community characteristics and their responses to environmental factors in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. 20(10):7080-7091. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1702-1.

Z. Y. Zhang C. Y. Wan Z. W. Zheng L. Hu K. Feng J. B Chang X Ping 2013Plant community characteristics and their responses to environmental factors in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir in ChinaEnviron. Sci. Pollut Res20107080709110.1007/s11356-013-1702-1